Fitness america Essay Example For Students

Wellness america Essay there are many individuals who are in extraordinary need of papers, and I didn't know that you needed to give a paper just to utilize a paperAbdomen (Men just) Horizontal at the degree of the navel Midsection (Women just) Horizontal, at the degree of insignificant stomach width Hips (Women just) Largest level outline around the hips Neck (Both) Inferior to the larynx with the tape inclining somewhat descending to the front. Tallness (Both) without shoes here are the estimations that you have to have with the end goal for you to compute your muscle versus fat ratio * From Hodgdon, J. what's more, Beckett, M. Expectation of percent muscle versus fat for U.S. We will compose a custom paper on Fitness america explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now naval force people from body peripheries and tallness. Reports No. 84-29 and 84-11. Maritime Health Research Center, San Diego, California 1984 The alluding archive was: http://www.he.net/zone/prothd2. html The bombed demand was: http://www.he.net/zone/doit.html The mentioned object doesn't exist at the predetermined area. The connection you followed is either obsolete, erroneous, or the server has been told not to let you have it. Record Not Found Over seven years prior ThriveOnline started to carry wellbeing and wellness data to the Web. During that time weve assembled extraordinary substance, instruments, and a steadfast network. Presently we are moving our substance to new areas the Health and Fitness, Self Discovery and Parenting and Pregnancy territories of our parent image, Oxygen.com and you are being diverted to those zones now. Approaches to interface and remain sound will even now be accessible to you on our web message sheets and our web talk rooms. You should enlist when initially taking part, however one enrollment works for all Oxygen.com sheets and visits. We trust that you will go along with us and keep on discovering incredible data and motivation on Oxygen.com. In spite of the fact that the area is changed our promise to living great and remaining solid continues as before. Much thanks to you for remaining with us and supporting our development. Also, the greater part of all, we thank you for making ThriveOnline, and now Oxygen.com your own wellbeing asset. A debt of gratitude is in order for your help, ThriveOnline In the event that your program doesn't divert, click here to go to the following page. Weight Index Calculator IS YOUR WEIGHT PUTTING YOUR HEALTH AT RISK? Discover HERE. The simplest method to decide if youre too fat is to make sense of your weight file, or BMI. The higher your BMI, the more prominent your danger of specific conditions, for example, coronary illness, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. To discover your BMI, type in your tallness and weight, at that point click on ascertain. reed, trinaWords /Pages : 435/24 . Wellness america Essay Example For Students Wellness america Essay there are many individuals who are in extraordinary need of papers, and I didn't know that you needed to give a paper just to utilize a paperAbdomen (Men just) Horizontal at the degree of the navel Abdomen (Women just) Horizontal, at the degree of insignificant stomach width Hips (Women just) Largest level periphery around the hips Neck (Both) Inferior to the larynx with the tape inclining somewhat descending to the front. Tallness (Both) without shoes here are the estimations that you have to have with the end goal for you to compute your muscle versus fat ratio * From Hodgdon, J. also, Beckett, M. Expectation of percent muscle versus fat for U.S. We will compose a custom paper on Fitness america explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now naval force people from body perimeters and stature. Reports No. 84-29 and 84-11. Maritime Health Research Center, San Diego, California 1984 The alluding archive was: http://www.he.net/zone/prothd2. html The bombed demand was: http://www.he.net/zone/doit.html The mentioned object doesn't exist at the predetermined area. The connection you followed is either obsolete, mistaken, or the server has been told not to let you have it. Record Not Found Over seven years back ThriveOnline started to carry wellbeing and wellness data to the Web. During that time weve manufactured incredible substance, apparatuses, and a devoted network. Presently we are moving our substance to new areas the Health and Fitness, Self Discovery and Parenting and Pregnancy zones of our parent image, Oxygen.com and you are being diverted to those regions now. Approaches to associate and remain solid will in any case be accessible to you on our web message sheets and our web talk rooms. You should enlist when initially taking part, yet one enrollment works for all Oxygen.com sheets and talks. We trust that you will go along with us and keep on discovering extraordinary data and motivation on Oxygen.com. Despite the fact that the area is changed our promise to living admirably and remaining solid continues as before. Much obliged to you for remaining with us and supporting our development. What's more, the greater part of all, we thank you for making ThriveOnline, and now Oxygen.com your own wellbeing asset. Much obliged for your help, ThriveOnline In the event that your program doesn't divert, click here to go to the following page. Weight Index Calculator IS YOUR WEIGHT PUTTING YOUR HEALTH AT RISK? Discover HERE. The simplest method to decide if youre too fat is to make sense of your weight list, or BMI. The higher your BMI, the more noteworthy your danger of specific conditions, for example, coronary illness, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. To discover your BMI, type in your tallness and weight, at that point click on figure. reed, trina . Wellness america Essay Example For Students Wellness america Essay there are many individuals who are in incredible need of papers, and I didn't know that you needed to give a paper just to utilize a paperAbdomen (Men just) Horizontal at the degree of the navel Waist (Women just) Horizontal, at the degree of insignificant stomach width Hips (Women just) Largest flat periphery around the hips Neck (Both) Inferior to the larynx with the tape inclining marginally descending to the front. Stature (Both) without shoes here are the estimations that you have to have with the goal for you to figure your muscle versus fat percentage* From Hodgdon, J. what's more, Beckett, M. Forecast of percent muscle versus fat for U.S. naval force people from body outlines and tallness. Reports No. 84-29 and 84-11. Maritime Health Research Center, San Diego, California 1984The alluding report was: http://www.he.net/zone/prothd2.htmlThe bombed demand was: http://www.he.net/zone/doit.htmlThe mentioned object doesn't exist at the predefined area. The connection you followed i s either obsolete, mistaken, or the server has been told not to let you have it. We will compose a custom exposition on Fitness america explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Document Not FoundMore than seven years prior ThriveOnline started to carry wellbeing and wellness data to the Web. During that time weve assembled extraordinary substance, apparatuses, and a dependable network. Presently we are moving our substance to new areas the Health and Fitness, Self Discovery and Parenting and Pregnancy regions of our parent image, Oxygen.com and you are being diverted to those zones now. Approaches to interface and remain sound will even now be accessible to you on our web message sheets and our web visit rooms. You should enlist when initially taking an interest, yet one enrollment works for all Oxygen.com sheets and visits. We trust that you will go along with us and keep on discovering extraordinary data and motivation on Oxygen.com. In spite of the fact that the area is changed our pledge to living great and remaining solid continues as before. Much thanks to you for remaining with us and supporting our development. Also, the greater part of all, we than k you for making ThriveOnline, and now Oxygen.com your own wellbeing asset. A debt of gratitude is in order for your help, ThriveOnline If your program doesn't divert, click here to go to the following page. Weight Index Calculator IS YOUR WEIGHT PUTTING YOUR HEALTH AT RISK? Discover HERE. The simplest method to decide if youre too fat is to make sense of your weight list, or BMI. The higher your BMI, the more noteworthy your danger of specific conditions, for example, coronary illness, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. To discover your BMI, type in your tallness and weight, at that point click on figure. reed, trina

Personal code of ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual code of morals - Essay Example This paper will concentrate on noting what morals is, the morals that the creator represents, where these moral accepts originate from, and what are the significant current impacts on it. Morals alludes to the assessment and investigation of the conduct of a person comparable to the ethical rules that administer the general public. Moral standards are the normal gauges of lead that the general public expects people to live and submit to them (Espejo, 2010). Morals can likewise be characterized as the standards of conduct that direct the way where workers of a specific calling need to carry on (Espejo, 2010). Morals consistently characterize the way wherein we as people need to carry on when we are looked by genuine and troublesome circumstances. One of my codes of morals is consistently to talk reality, regardless of the results of my activity. It is consistently inside my convictions that genuineness is the best righteousness of life, and a legit society will consistently thrive in whatever issue they do. It is likewise inside my conviction that when individuals got legit, at that point chances are high that the different ills inside the general public will be comprehended. These are issues like burglary and defilement, which consistently flourish when an individual needs to make an untrustworthy increase. This moral set of principles radiates from my strict convictions of Islam. The Islamic lessons consistently advocate for genuineness, and truthfulness in any dealings between individuals. In the present period, there is consistently a need of straightforwardness and uprightness in the different business associations and government foundations. These transparencies and uprightness are on the whole components of trustworthiness. Without genuineness, trustworthiness and straightforwardness doesn't exist. Another moral worth that I put stock in is the regard to my bosses and associates. Regard is a significant temperance just as a significant moral strategy. Inside any association, there is consistently a various leveled structure that plots who the pioneers in the association are. For anyone

Brent Staples’ Black Men and Public Spaces

Antoinette Johnson English 100 Prof. Horna October 3, 2012 In the article â€Å"The second shift†, by Arlie Hochschild, he clarifies how the spouses of two-work families with little youngsters normally work an additional 24-hour day in a year, between the pages 145(bottom) and 148(top). I concur with Hochschild’s assurance in light of the fact that once ladies get back home from first move, they go straight into second move. Though men get back home from first move, and get the chance to single out when to work second shift.Most men wonder why the degree of love is deficient in the home. I accept that the man in two-work families with little youngsters are hopeful about the things that ought to be done around the house. I accept that they feel on the grounds that they’re the â€Å"dominant† figure, that the ladies should do most of the work around the house. At that point the men/spouses begin to feel a sort of way on the grounds that the ladies become res entful,.I don’t reprimand the men for their activities, I accuse the dads and their father’s father for not indicating them the right method to maintain their family units. In my eyes ladies has consistently been the existence backing or spine of any family. So actually the ladies are the â€Å"dominant† figure. It takes a tough individual to work an eight-hour move, at that point return home to cook and clean for an additional eight-hours. To likewise oblige the youngsters and spouses with every one of their needs. Ladies should request more assistance from their spouses during the second shift.That additional 24 hours ought to be part among them. In the event that ladies went to bat for themselves all the more frequently, men would begin to welcome them more while still in the relationship rather than when their relationship is finished. Taking everything into account, over the long haul, the more youthful ages will make some kind of breakthrough, I accept. Ma rried couples need to meet up and cause game plans to better to maintain the home. An all the more understanding spouse in addition to an all the more no holds bar wife rises to a superior home.

Old Testament Connections from Grapes of Wrath :: essays research papers

John Steinbeck makes numerous Biblical references in his book The Grapes of Wrath. A considerable lot of these associations are on a little layer, maybe applying to just a single person. Jim Casy, the Christ figure, is one case of a reference from the New Testament. In any case, the entire book can be viewed as a Biblical reference to the tale of the Exodus and the life of Moses. Not exclusively does the narrative of the anecdotal Joad family identify with the Exodus, however the tale of the Okies and the incredible movement that occurred during the Dust Bowl in the 1930’s. This convincing story of the transients can be partitioned into three sections: the abuse, the mass migration, and the Promised Land. The account of the Exodus starts with the Hebrews being oppressed to the Egyptians. Along these lines, God sent ten diseases to Egypt. After the tenth plague, the pharaoh consented to let the Hebrews become free and their excursion over the desert is known as the Exodus. In this manner the cutting edge word mass migration alludes to any mass movement or flight of a huge gathering of individuals. The journey of the vagrant laborers can be portrayed as a cutting edge mass migration (contrasted with timespan of the Biblical story). Like the Hebrews, the Joad family and the remainder of the transients wind up escaping from their oppressors, which happens to be the banks. The timeframe when the Okies use Route 66 as an approach to move crosscountry is the genuine departure of the story, as it is a relocation of a people. The vagrants arriving at California can be contrasted with the Hebrews at long last arriving at the Promised Land of Israel. Not exclusively does the book identify with the development of the Israelites, yet additionally to the incredible man who lead them: Moses. Christians, Jews, and Muslims think about Moses as an incredible prophet. One reference to Moses comes when Uncle John puts Rose of Sharon’s child in the waterway. This is a lot of like the life of Moses, when he is sent down the Nile River as a youngster.

Curious about ISP COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Curious about ISP COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The International Security Policy Concentration (ISP) offers outstanding opportunities for students interested in topics such as political violence and conflict management, defense policy, military strategy, terrorism and unconventional warfare, arms control, intelligence, peacekeeping, coercion, negotiation, conflict resolution and alternatives to the use of force as an instrument of policy.  The relative flexibility of the ISP Concentration allows students to tailor their specific course of study to fit their intellectual and career interests, and they will find that Columbia offers a wider variety of courses in security studies than all but a handful of other universities in the world. ISP students go on to work in government, consulting firms, non-profit research institutes, public interest and policy advocacy organizations, Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, journalism, and other areas. Many ISP courses are taught by members of the Columbia Political Science Department, one of few in the world with more than one faculty member in security studies. In addition to Political Science faculty, the Concentration draws on courses taught by full-time Columbia faculty from SIPA, the Law School, and Barnard College.  ISP also features courses taught by outstanding practitioners and other adjuncts who combine academic backgrounds and publications in public policy with experience in government, the military, and policy analysis institutes. For example, Peter Clement, a senior official in the CIAs Directorate of Intelligence, will join SIPA as a Scholar in Residence and adjunct faculty member in September 2013. Like many SIPA faculty, the ISP concentration director, Prof. Richard Betts, has experience in both the academic and policy worlds. Betts is director of the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia, and has taught previously at Harvard and SAIS.  He has worked at the Brookings Institution, Council on Foreign Relations, on staffs of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the National Security Council, and served on the National Security Advisory Panel of the Director of Central Intelligence and the National Commission on Terrorism. Students who are interested in conflict resolution may take classes within the International Conflict Resolution Specialization as ISP electives. The specialization is directed by Prof. Jean-Marie Guéhenno, former UN Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping. Outside the classroom, ISP offers many exciting activities including field trips, political-military crisis and arms control simulations, guest speakers, specialized symposia, films, and social activities.  The ISP Concentration benefits greatly from the programming of its institutional affiliate, the Saltzman Institute for War and Peace Studies, which hosts a number of high profile speakers each year.  In addition, students in the ISP concentration run the Defense and Security Student Organization, which hosts events such career panels and debates. At the beginning of each fall semester, ISP hosts a weekend retreat for ISP concentrators at a campground a few hours north of New York City.  Field trips in November alternate each year between a combination of U.S. military installations, in one year, and government offices in Washington, D.C. the next.  This year’s trip will be to Washington.  Previous Washington trips have included meetings at the level of Under and Assistant Secretary at the Pentagon, State Department, National Security Council, Office of Management and Budget, Congress, and other parts of government.  Examples of military facilities visited in past field trips include Fort Bragg (Army Airborne and Special Forces headquarters), Pope Air Force Base, Camp Lejeune (Marine Corps), Atlantic Fleet headquarters and various ships in Norfolk, Langley Air Force Base, and NATO headquarters (Brussels). The crisis simulation in the spring semester is entirely organized and conducted by the students.   Simulations in recent years have included crises in Kashmir, the Taiwan Straits, Central Asia, and Indonesia; negotiations on the North Korean nuclear program; escalation of war between Armenia and Azerbaijan; and the NPT Review Conference.

Dual Court System, Free Essay Sample

Dual Court System The main purpose of adopting a dual court system is to ensure that there is a more credible form of seeking justice between the two presiding parties. Going through with the discussion, a Dual Court System is a judicial structure that employs two different court systems that are independent of each other. There is one court system that is currently operating on a local level. The other court system is operating on a national level. As of facts, the United States of America, as well as Australian governments, apply a dual court system in their judiciary departments. This is based on the structure of federalism, in which there are states and territories that functions as independent states under a national ruling government in the above-mentioned countries around the world. So, this paper aims to discuss the relevance of a dual court system. It seeks to find out the existence of dual court systems applied by some countries around the world. In addition, this paper seeks to discuss rel evant conclusive insights that provide meaningful information from the judicial systems. In dual court systems, the federal court is the judiciary system that is responsible for arraigning cases affecting the federal government. If there are offenses that involve the federal government, all involved stakeholders will be arraigned in a federal court. Federal court system arraigns cases that take years or even decade to solve it. The judge hears a case that participates in a federal issue that involves the federal treaties or laws. The Federal government of a country has the jurisdiction to the case, which is responsible for handling an issue that could pose a risk to the government. The federal court arraigns cases that involve criminal or civil matters. There are criminal offenses or cases that are tried in federal court systems. Other than the whole federal system, the country’s federal court system is also responsible for including other countries to arraign a certain case. This is especially if there are either criminal or federal cases that pose a risk to the national interest of the involved country. A Federal court system has a wider scope of criminal cases that involve two or more states and countries affected by the offense or a threat to the country. The other court system is the state court. This is the court wherein it seeks to focus on a criminal offense or a change in policies towards the interest of the state. The court system affecting a state is considered less problematic. This is because most cases are state-related offenses that are always arraigned by the courts. There are at least 90% of all criminal or legal issues that are associated with the state –related cases. State-related offenses are also easy to arraign because there are just only minor cases committed by the defendant as compared to federal-related offenses in court systems. This is because most of the offenses are concentrated within the locality of the community. It takes just weeks or a few months to complete the arraignment and provide sanctions to the offending party. The main purpose of using state court systems is to ensure that any criminal offense or threats will not spill to another state. The federal government of a certain country applie s dual court systems to promote an easier way of solving a case. This is because it is more efficient and more relevant to their community’s local interest. Most state courts can easily solve small-scale cases that prevent any threats from affecting the communities of other states. In any case that the offense is considered widespread, the need to upgrade the case to the State’s Supreme Court is applied. There are positive influences that can be made by a dual court system affecting a certain country. One is the privilege of a state to govern their own jurisdiction, provided that they respect and obey existing rules applied by the federal government. Each state has an independent governing body to ensure that they can efficiently promulgate laws that provide an essential way to maintain their judicial sustainability. The State has the privilege to maximize their state laws, which is only concentrated within their community. Each state has different laws that are unique in their own state jurisdictions. The dual court system allows the Federal court to intervene if there are cases that are already affecting another state. The state attorney and judge are able to define and solve cases without the interference of other states as well as the Federal system. In addition, dual court system allows states not to have the need to seek the approval of other states or the national government before arraigning a certain case. As a result, local government units operating within the state can have the luxury of governing their laws and provisions within their own state. There is a negative influence or challenging impacts that dual court systems apply to a certain country. The issue of having a forced new law within the judiciary system is often unchallenged when the federal state mandates it. The main reason is that other states are now allowed to intervene the judicial processes of other states due to the ruling of federalism. Only when there are strong connections to a certain state that makes another state can participate or investigate the issue. If there are new laws and policies ratified by their respective legislators, it is only affecting one state. Each state should pass their own resolution before having the chance to approve their new laws or policies on a permanent basis. If the new president or the head of state and create laws applicable to the whole nation, each state has no right to object the new provision. This is especially if there are laws that are not appealing to the general public. The federal government needs to balance it s power equally to all other states. When there is political instability between the other states, the risk of maintaining the political legitimacy of the federal government could collapse. An intense political division could lead to a division of power that prompts other states to file for a cessation from the federal government. It has been concluded that a Dual Court System is an effective judiciary system applied by a country practicing a Federal form of government. Most countries that are practicing Federalism have this kind of judicial governance to ensure that there is a balance to their justice system. The government promulgating this kind of system is able to see and secure laws that are beneficial to the national interest of their community. There is a judicial freedom given to each state, which is a beneficial way of promoting a transparency to their respective society. The issue of judicial instability is slim because state courts can easily detect problems that they are able to solve it for a shorter period of time. In this case, the practice of dual court system is less challenging for countries who are adopting a balancing system in their government. As a result, their laws and policies are always preserved because each government has been always practicing a new norm to improve their governanc e.

Shakespeare s Othello - Iago And Emilia - 889 Words

Iago and Emilia â€Å"A liar begins with making falsehood appear like truth and ends with making truth itself appear like falsehood,† said William Shenstone. This I believe to be so, in the story Othello, Iago was conceived as the most dishonest individual in the plot. Iago played mind games on everyone without them even knowing. Iago is like a snake, he first deceives Othello by turning him against his wife Desdemona. Iago then proves his theories with Desdemona sleeping with her longtime friend Cassio to be true. Next Iago proves his love with his wife Emilia to be false. Emilia is the complete opposite of Iago. She is even blind to her husband’s actions. Emilia is all about what is right. This couple is not your everyday fairytale couple, of course relationships go through obstacles, but I would consider theirs to be a maze. No one really knows why Iago is such a liar and is out to get everyone’s happiness, he just does deceiving things out the story. The main problem we had with Iago, was him turning Othello against his wife Desdemona. Iago made Othello believe that Desdemona was sleeping around with Cassio. Cassio is a friend of Othello and has been a friend of hers before she and Othello even got together. Iago manipulates Othello repeatedly so that he can believe him. He does this by leaving Desdemona scarf in Cassio’s room and telling Othello she left it after they were laid up together. Othello only believes it because the scarf is evidence of her and she takes theShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othell o to take extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello - Lack Of Respect And Authority1452 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s, Othello, expresses the lack of respect and authority given to women during Shakespeare’s time. Throughout the piece, women are repeatedly put in positions subordinate to men and are stripped of a voice. Women in this piece are portrayed as â€Å"belongings† to men, and never resist how they are treated. Iago is able to use women in his plan, like pawns in a chess game, to benefit himself. However, it is a woman in the end who puts the pieces together and solves Iago twisted plot. It isRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello As Oppressed And Marginalized By Patriarchal Society1710 Words   |  7 PagesEmilia in William Shakespeare s Othello, is oppressed and marginalized by her patriarchal society. While she is initially conflicted between the belief s of her society and her own convictions, by choosing to follow her own moral ideals she reveals her strong, independent persona. Paragraph One Emilia is restricted and limited in her actions by the pressure she feels to follow the norms of her fellow citizens. Despite the fact that Emilia is unhappy in her marriage and does not like Iago, herRead MoreShakespeare s Othello : An Understanding Of Renaissance Love Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesanalysing Shakespeare s Othello is an understanding of renaissance love. The story of Othello is a lesson on the reborn idea of the complicated love introduce first in ancient greece; in this study Emilia is an instructor of the love of Philia. The ancient greeks had a particular affinity for this particular type of love, the love between true friends; and the lesson we can gleam from our play is that Emilia s type of philatelic love is especially crucial in Bildungsroman. Emilia s coming of ageRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare938 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Tragedy of Othello† is commonly considered one of Shakespeare s greatest tragedies and one of his finest works. In this play we see many literary devices at work. Several of these devices are involved in Iago’s deceitful plot against Othello that creates much suspense for the duration of the play. In â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello,† William Shakespeare uses symbolism, irony, and tone to create this classic drama. Symbols are central to understanding â€Å"Othello† as a play. There are two significantRead More Irregularities in Othello1716 Words   |  7 PagesIrregularities in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains various irregularities of time and occurrence which cause the audience to scratch their head in wonder and doubt. Let us analyze some of these shortcomings in this essay.    In the Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare Frank Kermode explains one of the difficulties in Othello:    Othello murders his wife on the second night in Cyprus. The difficulty, of which Shakespeare was clearly aware, arisesRead MoreEssay about Jealousy in Shakespeares Othello1450 Words   |  6 PagesJealousy in Shakespeares Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚   Othello features jealousy as the dominant motive for action and therefore just as reflected in real life we bare witness to jealousy influencing the characters of Iago, Brabantio, Roderigo, and Othello. In this essay I shall be attempting to examine this theme in depth drawing comparison between jealousy and the consequential action.   The dominance of jealousy as the chief causative force of action in the drama is very obvious to most critics. InRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1505 Words   |  7 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play Othello Iago has the ability to charm and convince people of his loyalty and honesty. Iago immediately introduced his malicious desire for revenge, but he had no proven reason for his actions. Throughout the play Iago devises a devious plan to convince the other characters of his cunning contrivance. Iago treats others as the fool with no intentions of caring about their feelings. Behind his deceitful trustworthy appearance, Iago is a multilayered manipulative villainRead MoreChenjie Chai. Ms. Milliner. Cuny Ela Period 2. 1/19/2016.1397 Words   |  6 Pages1/19/2016 Essay Shakespeare s famous play of love turned bad by unfounded jealousy. His Othello also tells a sad story. The story begins in Venice with Iago, a soldier under Othello s command arguing with a wealthy Venetian, Roderigo. Roderigo has paid Iago a considerable sum of money to spy on Othello for him, since he wishes to take Othello s girlfriend, Desdemona as his own. The story to this as the main line, there have beenRead MoreShakespeare s Othello - The Simplicity Of Love1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe Simplicity of Love in Othello Shakespeare’s plays seem to focus essentially on a dominant male character and his struggles that tend to deal with a woman in a few plays. Shakespeare is criticized for the depiction of his novel. There are just three women in the play. They are Desdemona, Bianca, and Emilia. The role of the women serves to present them completely to reflect their ideological prospects within the Elizabethan society as well as the Venetian society. The women are required to love

English Literature- an Episode in the Life of an Author

DRAMA- Absurd Theater An Episode in the life of an author by P.Baburaj, Senior Lecturer, Dept of English, Sherubtse College, Bhutan Convention defined by contemporary critic Martin Esslin as â€Å"striving to express its sense of senselessness of the rational approach by the open abandonment of the rational devices and discursive thoughts†. Plays in the absurdist tradition attempts to show the irrational and illogical aspects of life through absurd characters, dialogues and situations. The plays of N.F. Simson, Harold Printer, Edward Albee fall within this category, but the form has been most popular in France because of its ties to existentialism and can be seen in the plays of Jean Genet, Eugene Ionesco and Samuel Bucket. In Bucket’s†¦show more content†¦Demythologize-â€Å"The New Testament† -Celebrated the strength of human mind. -Capable of confronting the ultimate meaninglessness of existence. Extentialism in literature.in utmost care of class 12 by P. Baburaj Fydor Dostoyevsky Herman Melville Leo Tolstoy Fydor Dostoyevsky’s â€Å"Notes from underground† is a passionate monologue by an embittered angry, selfdestructive figure definably asserting his freedom in the society increasingly controlled by technology. Melville ‘Bartleby the scrivener’-recounts the faith of the men. Anti -Hero A protagonist, who possess none of the qualities of a traditional hero such as- bravery, honesty and unselfishness†¦ Examples include Manfred in ‘Lord Burous ‘Manfred’. Valmont in Christopher’ Hamptons- Les Liaisons, Willy Lowmanin Author miller’s-Death of a salesman. Conventions A complete agreement by the audience to accept an artistic reality for everyday reality.(like other art from, drama depend on it’s effects on certain conventions).the stage as per conventions generally a 3 sided set that represent both indoor and outdoor scenes. The audience accepts this partial representation of reality, using its imagination to complete the illusion. Another use of agreement with the ways a horse is represented on the stage. In Kabuki, it is a wooden frame with four legs. In this case the audience understands what is suggested and accepts it. Episode in the life of an Author -An Absurd playin utmost care of class 12 by P. Baburaj TheShow MoreRelatedIn this book, the author Brian Cogan discusses the most controversial television shows in history,1400 Words   |  6 PagesIn this book, the author Brian Cogan discusses the most controversial television shows in history, South Park. He discusses how South Park even though seems simple it is a very thoughtful p rogram on television that discusses many social issues. The creators of South Park, Trey Parker and Matt Stone created a social and political commentary that has been the most successful in television history. Cogan discusses how South Park is a commentary on American culture that is focused around controversialRead MoreMiguel Cervantes1543 Words   |  7 PagesMiguel Cervantes Miguel Cervantes and William Shakespeare, two authors at the pinnacle of the cultural rebirth of Europe during the 1500s, ironically died on the same date (this fact is a bit confused by the distinction between the Julian and Gregorian calendar. 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The Environmental Problem Of Global Warming Essay

Global warming Name: Institution: Course: Date: Global warming The main environmental problem facing the world today is global warming. Many scientists believe that production of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases has a heating effect on the atmosphere, and this could be very dangerous for human life. This essay will examine the problem of global warming and suggest some ways of solving the problem. Numerous issues could come about because of global warming. One of the problems is the rising of the ocean level. This results to flooding in low lying beachfront territories and urban areas, for example, Egypt, the Netherlands, and Bangladesh. An alternate issue brought on by global warming is changes in weather patterns; they are no longer easy to predict. Numerous regions of the world are encountering expanded typhoons, surges, and other strange climate designs. A third issue connected to global warming is the impact on water creatures such as Fish. There are a few things that can be done to tackle the issue of global warming furthermore decreasing its far reaching impacts. One arrangement involves reducing the excessive production of carbon dioxide. This is possible by changing from oil, coal and gas to renewable energy likewise alluded to as practicing environmental awareness. An alternate conceivable arrangement is planting more trees. Trees retain carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, which is not a green house gas. A third arrangement is to utilize lessShow MoreRelatedThe Environmental Problems Of Global Warming1486 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Human population rise, industrilisation and the increased requirement for natural resources has led to many environmental problems, beside global warming. With reference to specific examples, discuss those environmental problems and their possible solutions.† â€Å"Modern humans deeply influence the form and function of the ecosphere† (Hugget et al: 2004). 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An Apology for Poetry by Sir Philip Sidney - 2943 Words

Richard L. W. Clarke LITS2002 Notes 01 1 SIR PHILIP SIDNEY, AN APOLOGY FOR POETRY (1595) Sidney, Sir Philip. â€Å"An Apology for Poetry.† Critical Theory Since Plato. Ed. Hazard Adam s. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1971. 143-162. Sidney’s argum ent is divided into several sections and subsections. In order to m ake sense of this im m ensely long but im portant essay, you should read those sections m arked by an asterisk (*) below and in the order given: 1. From â€Å"Now then we go to the m ost im portant imputations laid to the poor poets† (p.154) to â€Å" . . . Plato banished them out of his com m onwealth.† (p.154): Sidney’s brief listing of the four m ain criticism s directed against poetry * C a subsection devoted to providing brief†¦show more content†¦. . nothing affirms, and therefore never lieth. For, . . . to lie is to affirm that to be true which is false; so as the other artists, and especially the historian, affirm ing many things, can, in the cloudy knowledge of m ankind, hardly escape from m any lies. But the poet (as I said before) never affirm eth. The poet never m aketh any circles about your im agination, to conjure you to believe for true what he write s. . . . [I]n truth, not labouring to tell you what is, or is not, but what should and should not be. And therefore, though he recounts things not true, yet because he telleth them not for true, he lieth not. (155) Gesturing towards Aristotle’s distinction between the probable truths conveyed by fiction and the historian’s attempt to depict what actually transpired, Sidney argues cleverly that poetry never claim s, as history does, to be telling the truth about the particulars of what actually happened. It never conceals the fact that it is only fiction. Hence, he argues, â€Å"of all writers under the sun the poet is the least liar† (155). Sidney acknowledges that, at least to som e degree, poetry is a form of im itation: he defines poetry as an â€Å"art of im itation† (146), that is, as a â€Å"representing, counterfeiting, or figuring forth – to speak m etaphorically, a speaking picture† (146). HeShow MoreRelated Literature and Virtue in Sidneys Apology for Poetry Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature and Virtue in Sidneys Apology for Poetry      Ã‚  Ã‚   In An Apology for Poetry Sir Philip Sidney attempts to reassert the fundamental importance of literature to society in general as well as to other creative and intellectual endeavors. Though Sidneys work does provide a synthesis (and in some cases an aberration) of much Greek and Roman literary theory, his argument aspires to go beyond an esoteric academic debate. 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Differences Between the French and Spanish Free Essays

Englishmen migrated to the New World because they wanted independence, political freedom, and economic opportunity. The Spanish came as conquerors; the resulting political system was entirely autocratic and solely devoted to the furthering of the motherland. Spain gave its colonies little self-rule. We will write a custom essay sample on Differences Between the French and Spanish or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead, Spanish rulers dictated all the policies of its New World territories. The English and Spanish both wanted to explore and find new territories too politically and economically control. The Spanish colonies developed economically by using the Encomienda system. In this system, Spanish lords exploited and manipulated Native Americans and used them to do manual labor on the land. The Spanish looted large amounts of gold, silver, and other valuables from this new land. This tradition continued into the seventeenth century as Spanish ships would come annually to bring gold and other valuables back to Spain. The Spanish tax burden was very unevenly distributed: it fell more on the poor than the rich, heavily on the agricultural sector, and on Castile far more than Aragon or the Basque country. But the Spanish government’s expenditure continued to climb: – in the first twelve years of Philip III’s reign, he spent over 40 million ducats on the Low Countries’ wars alone. To cover the shortfall, the Spanish government both borrowed money by being interested in bearing state bonds and assigned the revenues from future years to the bankers if they would pay the defense contracts for the present year. By 1607 the government had a debt of almost 23 million ducats and had assigned away all its revenue for four years ahead. By 1644 the crown’s income was pledged to 1648; and by 1664 the crown owed more than 21 million ducats. The English Colonies had abundant natural resources. Their economy prospered in the fur trade, fishing, lumbering, farming and other industries that produced raw materials. This abundance of natural resources stimulated trade into the colonies as developed industries in Europe required raw materials to convert into refined goods. Combined with England’s tradition of partial representation, the English Colonies had a large degree of self-government. In 1603, moderate Puritans in England hoped the new monarch, James I, would be sympathetic to their iews, since he had been raised in Calvinist Scotland. Although this did not prove to be the case, the Puritans still tried to work within the religious system while he was king. The colonies all had some form of a representative assembly that was voted in by popular support. While only white male landowners could vote, this still constituted some degree of democracy. In some colonies, even the governors were decided by popular vote. T he English and Spanish colonies were established for completely different reasons. England colonizes North America. English colonies were first established by the Puritans who were seeking refuge, freedom of religion, and economic opportunity. The English colonists enjoyed far more freedom. English had established dominance in North America. The Spaniards came to America’s on accident in a futile attempt to find an alternate trade route to china, with a thriving community, complex architecture and cities of gold. Conquistadors, soldiers, and missionaries were the primary Spanish colonizers; farmers and traders came later. Colonies were governed by crown-appointed viceroys or governors. Settlers had to obey the king’s laws and could make none of their own. How to cite Differences Between the French and Spanish, Essay examples

Health Records and Health Summary That Is Associated Free Samples

Question: Difference between External Systems or Devices of Health Record? Answer: Introduction There have been many revolutions, advancements and transformations that have taken place in the field of technology with the increase of innovation. There is a great advancement in terms of automation and digitalization that has been done. The impact of the same is viable and visible in every sector on a global scale. Healthcare is also a sector that did not refrain from adapting the technological changes and included the same in its requirements so as to emerge as an innovative and technically advanced sector. Commonwealth Government of Australia has always made sure that it remains at pace with the technology and the advancements in the field of technology. One of such examples is My Health Record that provides a summary of the health details of the patients on an application that is available on cloud. System Qualities (Non-Functional Requirements) There are primarily three types of requirements that an application is required to fulfill which include functional requirements, non-functional requirements and user requirements. Functional requirements are associated with the features of the system such as its functionalities that will be included. Non-functional requirements on the other hand are the system qualities that shall be reflected in the system to make sure that the qualities such as usability, reliability, performance and supportability are present in the system. Usability of My Health Record As described above, there are certain system qualities that must be present in the system. These qualities shall be present in My Health Record as well to make sure that the user expectations are met and the level of satisfaction is achieved. One of the important system qualities is the usability of the system (Lauesen Younessi, 2016). There are many functional aspects that are present in My Health Record for the patients and for the medical staff members. Absence of any of these functional aspects will lead to the emergence of problems such as issues in the user experience that is achieved from the system. It is therefore required that the usability of the system is maintained and the functional aspects as described under the specifications are included. There shall also be adherence to the design principles that shall be maintained such as easy layout, simple navigation along with the customized color themes. Reliability of My Health Record Health records and health summary that is associated with the system shall be displayed correctly and accurately. There cannot be any loopholes present in the health information that is associated with the patients. There can be fatal occurrences because of the reason. The non-functional requirement that shall be included in the system shall be the reliability of the system (Chung, 2016). There are many information sets that are present in My Health Record such as details that are fed by the users, analysis that is provided by the medical staff and likewise. The requests that the end users will place in the system will be required to be done in such a manner that it yields valid information at all times. Performance of My Health Record Automated systems that are created for the organizations are done in such a manner that the response that is given to the user requests is quick (Malan Bredemeyer, 2010). Any delays in the response or the processing speed will not be acceptable as the speed of operations is considered as the prime quality to be maintained by the automated systems. The case is the same with My Health Record and it will be necessary that a quick response is provided to any of the user requests of queries. System performance will therefore be required to be implemented in My Health Record. There may also be situation wherein the user may be experiencing an emergency health situation. In such cases, system performance will have a vital role to play as immediate alerts will be generated. Supportability of My Health Record Technology and the technical aspects that are associated with the systems and applications are changing rapidly. There are new and innovative technologies that are coming up in the market and these technologies are extremely dynamic in nature. The technical infrastructure that is associated with My Health Record may change suddenly. The technology that is implemented may soon become obsolete. It will therefore be necessary to have the elements of supportability and scalability in this system so that the changes can be met with ease (Shaikh Misbahuddin, 2016). System Interfaces User Interfaces of My Health Record Users would want to feel connected with the application. It will therefore be necessary that the connectivity is maintained with My Health Record. It will be required to provide the response to the user requests and actions adequately for which the design and the user interface shall include the elements of responsive web design. It will not be recommended that there is overuse of colors in the application as it belongs to the field of healthcare. At the same time, the application shall also not have dull and plain colors used. The use of colors should be a perfect mix such that they give a soothing appeal to the application. The buttons, labels, text elements and other UI elements that are present on the application shall acknowledge the use action with response such as highlights, shadows, change of colors etc. Some users may like the color tone and scheme that is implemented in the application while there may be certain users that may prefer other color scheme and tone. There shall be an option provided to the users to customize the color scheme that is used (Fosse Delp, 2016). Consistency is considered as a prime application and it shall reflect and be present in My Health Record as well. The presence of elements such as use of colors and the layout on the screens of the applications shall maintain consistency. There shall not be cases wherein one screen in the application is colored in one color and another screen is colored in another color. The application will have many screens such as login, health summary, health report etc. Any of these screens shall not have overloaded navigation. At the same time, the transition from one screen to the other shall also be smooth and hassle free. There will be a lot of text content present on the application which will be written in a specific font face, color and size. There shall be consistency maintained in terms of these elements as well. The medical reports that will be sent by the medical experts and practitioners will be provided to the users in the form of a summary. The patients will also have the capability to extract this summary from the system. The downloaded reports shall have the option of customization in terms of the contents and the format. External Systems or Devices Interfaces of My Health Record There will be exchange of emails between the patients or their families and the medical team which shall be implemented and carried out by the protocol as Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). There will be many files that will be necessary to be sent from one entity to the other. For instance, the medical team will provide the comments in the form of e-documents. Sharing capability will be required which will be fulfilled by File Transfer Protocol which is abbreviated as FTP. Networks will play an important role in this case as the entire functioning will depend upon the capacity and capability of the networks. Connectivity to the networks through Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) shall be done. Communication technologies and standards such as MPEG4, JPEG2 and Real Time Protocol (RTP) will be required for supporting the abilities for tele conferencing in the application. Medical equipment will be used by the patients to feed their health records. This information will be fed in through the aid of medical equipment that shall be connected and made compatible with the application (Conde et al., 2010). Security protocols will be necessary and will play a significant role in My Health Record. The application shall therefore comprise of the protocols that ensure the protection and safety of information (Wheatcraft, 2010). System Constraints of My Health Record My Health Record shall have a front end for providing the application interface to the users which shall be coded in PHP programming language. My Health Record shall have a back end for storage and management of information which shall make use of a cloud based NoSQL database as MongoDB. My Health Record will experience several testing activities that shall be carried out and any bugs that are found shall be logged in the tool as Bugzilla (Dettmer, 2016). Review - Cloud Based Solutions Cloud based solutions and their performance and usability will have a major role to play in this case. My Health Record will be deployed and delivered with the use of cloud based models. It will therefore be required to analyze and review the various cloud based options that are available. There are mainly three forms of cloud delivery models as Platform as a Service, Software as a Service and Infrastructure as a Service which are abbreviated as PaaS, SaaS and IaaS respectively. In case of My Health Record the delivery activities that will be carried out will be best support by PaaS. There are many reasons that are present behind the choice of this model because of the performance and reviews of the model in the market and among the users. It is the model that will ensure that the security of the information related with My Health Record is maintained all throughout. The security protocols that are necessary will be easily implemented in this model and it has its own security mechanisms as well to make sure that none of the violations take place. There are instances wherein it has been seen that there are issues related with the ownership of data in case of cloud based solutions. However, such a case is not present in My Health record as the ownership and authority related formalities are done and declared in advance. The next model that will be required to be selected in case of My Health Record will be the cloud deployment model. There are mainly three types of deployment models in cloud as private cloud, hybrid cloud and public cloud. In this case, the end users that will be using the application have been defined. Also, the nature of information that will be handled by the application has also been classified. This information will mainly be critical and sensitive as it will comprise health related information of the patients. The model that will be applicable in this case will be private cloud on the basis of the security concerns that are related with My Health Record. There may be instances of execution of security risks and attacks which will be reduced and minimized with private cloud. SDLC Approach SDLC is a practice that specifies the guidelines that must be followed for the development and deployment of software. There are various approaches that have been defined and created in association with SDLC. These approaches are mainly classified in two categories as predictive and adaptive SDLC. Predictive SDLC Predictive SDLC, as the name suggests, is an approach in which the steps and phases that are defined are on the basis of the set procedures which have no scope of alteration or change during the timeline of the project. Also, the behavior and the patterns associated with the system are estimated and noted in advance. In case of My Health Record, requirements are clearly specified. With the adaptation of this particular approach, the management will have the set processes to follow and guidelines to adapt in case of a deviation. There is one drawback with this approach in terms of the requirements inflation as the project risk which will not be treated properly in case of predictive SDLC, if occurred. Adaptive SDLC Second approach that has been defined and can be implemented in the activities related with My Health Record is Adaptive SDLC. It is the approach in which the ad-hoc process is followed for the execution of the activities and achieving the business goals and objectives. There is no set flow in this approach and the flow is designed and estimated on the basis of the project scenarios and requirements. The drawbacks of predictive SDLC in terms of difficulty to deal with requirements inflation is one of the major strengths of adaptive approach as such occurrences can be easily dealt with. The project team will not be required to do additional work whenever there is a change in the requirement. However, there may be budget issues related with this approach as the cost associated with it is high. Conclusions After analyzing both the approaches, it has been recommended and concluded that adaptive SDLC will have higher applicability than predictive SDLC. The drawback will adaptive SDLC is in terms of costs which will not be an issue in this case as My Health Record is an initiative of Commonwealth Government of Australia. However, the drawback related with predictive SDLC may have some serious implications on the project and the application. References Agilemodeling,. (2016). UML 2 Use Case Diagramming Guidelines. Agilemodeling.com. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://agilemodeling.com/style/useCaseDiagram.htm Bourne, L. (2016). Stakeholder Relationship Management. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.mosaicprojects.com.au/PDF_Papers/P128b_Stakeholder_Relationship_Management.pdf Chung, L. (2016). Non-Functional Requirements. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.utdallas.edu/~chung/SYSM6309/NFR-18-4-on-1.pdf Conde, J., De, S., Hall, R., Johansen, E., Meglan, D., Peng, G. (2010). Telehealth Innovations in Health Education and Training. Telemedicine And E-Health, 16(1), 103-106. https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2009.0152 Dettmer, H. (2016). Systems and Constraints: The Concept of Leverage. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://goalsys.com/systemsthinking/documents/Part-6-SystemsandConstraints.pdf Fakhroutdinov, K. (2016). UML actor is a role played by a human user of the designed system, some other system or hardware that interacts with the subject by using services of the subject.. Uml-diagrams.org. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.uml-diagrams.org/use-case-actor.html Fosse, E. Delp, C. (2016). Systems Engineering Interfaces: A Model Based Approach. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.omgsysml.org/System_Engineering_Interfaces-IEEE_2013.pdf Lauesen, S. Younessi, H. (2016). Six Styles for Usability Requirements. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.itu.dk/~slauesen/Papers/SixStyles.pdf Malan, R. Bredemeyer, D. (2010). Defining Non-Functional Requirements. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.bredemeyer.com/pdf_files/NonFunctReq.PDF McAtee, M. (2016). A good compliance system takes the administrating out of managing. Qualitydigest.com. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.qualitydigest.com/nov01/html/paperless.html Rhyous,. (2011). The 8 Types of Technical Documentation and Why Each Is Important. Rhyous. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.rhyous.com/2011/07/21/the-different-types-of-technical-documentation-for-software-and-why-each-is-important/ Shaikh, A. Misbahuddin, M. (2016). A system design for a telemedicine health care system. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/10498/1/gupea_2077_10498_1.pdf Walker, D. (2016). Influence, Stakeholder Mapping and Visualisation. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://mosaicprojects.com.au/PDF_Papers/P062_Influence_Stakeholder_Mapping_and_Visualisation.pdf Watt, A. (2016). 5. Stakeholder Management | Project Management. Opentextbc.ca. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://opentextbc.ca/projectmanagement/chapter/chapter-5-project-stakeholders-project-management/ Wheatcraft, L. (2010). Everything you wanted to know about interfaces, but were afraid to ask. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://spacese.spacegrant.org/uploads/images/UserContributedFiles/WheatcraftInterfaces110909.pdf Wick, S. (2016). User Stories and Use Cases - Dont Use Both!. Batimes.com. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.batimes.com/articles/user-stories-and-use-cases-dont-use-both.htm

The Brain Essays - Motor System, Neuroanatomy, Brainstem

The Brain A.M.D.G 27th October 1996 The Brain By Manuel Socarr?s In the central nervous system of animals, the brain is a segregated group of nerve cells, or neurones, within the cranium, or skull, in vertebrates, and within the head segment in lower forms of animals. The brain varies in size and complexity from rudimentary ganglia (a group of nerve-cell bodies) in the central nervous systems of primitive worms to the large and complex human brain. As the central control organ of the body, the brain governs the functioning of the body's other organs. Sensory nerve cells feed external and internal information from all parts of the body to the brain. At least four medical subspecialties have a primary concern with the human brain: neurology, psychobiology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. The average human brain at birth weighs 390 g (14 oz); its average maximum weight, reached at age 15, is 1,315 g (46 oz). The total number of neurones in the human brain is approximately 10 billion. In contrast, the brain of a whale may weigh more than 5 kg (11 lb.), four times as much as a human brain, and the brain of a grasshopper contains no more than a few thousand neurones. A theory has been proposed which states that behavioural capacity, a broad term indicating intelligence, is related not to the size of brain but to the index of cephalisation--the amount of brain tissue in excess of that required for transmitting impulses to and from the brain. Studies have shown that a progressive evolutionary encephalisation relative to body size occurs in vertebrates and culminates in humans. Of equal importance to encephalisation has been the evolutionary development of the human forebrain, a greatly expanded and convoluted mantle containing neuronal centres necessary for understanding a nd producing language, for conceptualisation and abstraction, for judgement, and for the capacity of humans to contemplate and influence their lives. ANATOMY AND FUNCTION Localisation of function is defined by two investigative techniques: ablation and stimulation. Ablation, the removal of a small area of the brain, may result in a neurological deficit that is considered in terms of a lost function, one that is assigned to the area of the brain that was ablated. In humans, correlation of the indications of brain dysfunction during life with lesions of the brain found at autopsy has added greatly to the Human Brain The human brain has three major structural components: the large dome-shaped cerebrum (top), the smaller somewhat spherical cerebellum (lower right), and the brainstem (centre). Prominent in the brainstem are the medulla oblongata (the egg-shaped enlargement at centre); and the thalamus (between the medulla and the cerebrum). The cerebrum is responsible for intelligence and reasoning. The cerebellum helps to maintain balance and posture. The medulla is involved in maintaining involuntary functions such as respiration, and the thalamus acts as a relay centre for electrical impulses travelling to and from the cerebral cortex. knowledge of localised functions. Movements and sensations can be produced in conscious humans by stimulating the brain electrically in appropriate areas. A portion of the skull may be removed (a craniotomy) under local anaesthesia, giving access to the brain in a conscious patient. Gray and white matter may be cut, stimulated, or cauterised without the patient experiencing pain. Apparently no nerve endings sensitive to pain exist within the brain substance. Large blood vessels supplying the brain and certain sensory nerves attached to the brain stem are pain sensitive. Brain Stem The most notable structures of the adult human brain are the brain stem, the cerebellum, and the cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres). The lowest, or most caudal, portion of the brain stem, the medulla oblongata, is continuous with the spinal cord. Above it, the pons bulges prominently and is continuous with the midbrain, into which the cerebral peduncles (stem-like connections) extend. The cerebral peduncles carry upper motor neurone fibres that originate in the cerebral cortex to the cell bodies of cranial nerves in the brain stem and to cells in the spinal cord, called lower motor neurones, which cause certain muscles to move. The brain stem contains all afferent and efferent nerve fibres between the spinal cord and the higher brain centres. Some upper motor neurone fibres cross in the brain stem, whereas others do not. Most cranial

Guide to Taking the NBPE Exams

Guide to Taking the NBPE ExamsThe APLT Practice Exam provides an effective way to pass the National Board of Pharmacy Examiners (NBPE) Practice Exam. To be ready for the NBPE Practice Exam, you should prepare for the APLT practice exam and practice everything you learned during the preparation course.Prepare Study Guides While You Wait For The Test: Every year, thousands of aspiring pharmacists take the NBPE. However, due to a number of factors, most never appear on the exam and end up having no shot at getting a license. With that in mind, it is of the utmost importance that you come prepared by studying, reviewing your notes, and taking practice tests.It is important to practice your skills on a practice test as well as on an actual NBPE practice exam. If you pass the NBPE Practice Exam and do not understand what is happening or do not know how to proceed, it may be difficult to understand why you are not succeeding at the NBPE exam. This may cause you to spend more time, effort, a nd money preparing for the NBPE practice exam. You will also want to use the NBPE practice test as a guide and not a test so that you know what to expect when you finally go to take the NBPE.The essay sample that is included with the APLT Practice Exam provides a helpful outline of the steps that you will need to take in order to succeed on the NBPE. In addition, the essay sample outline provides tips on how to write successful essays that demonstrate your abilities in the area of pharmacology.The APLT Practice Exam essay sample outlines a research-based essay that includes specific topics about pharmaceuticals and their history. The essays provide an in-depth look at these different products and how they work. Your essay will include an overview of pharmacology, drug interactions, drugs in the bloodstream, blood flow, medication safety, and medical terminology.The APLT essay sample also includes a research-based essay about drug safety, which includes topics such as drug reactions, drug interactions, drug safety, as well as drug potency and addiction. Topics will include issues of drug storage, drug transportation, drug diversion, and drug disposal.Preparing for the NBPE essay sample is only half of the battle. Since this essay will appear on the actual NBPE test, you will need to study and learn as much as possible about these various topics. Reading over the written content is a great way to review these topics so that you know exactly what to look for on the NBPE.Therefore, before you go out and take the actual NBPE, you will want to have a reference guide to refer to when you take the APLT Practice Exam and essay sample. With this, you will ensure that you will be able to pass the NBPE and APLT easily and without any problems.

Lean Operations Design Homework

Lean Operations Design Homework Introduction Lean operation refers to practices that are aimed at achieving manufacturing processes with minimum waste. This paper seeks to discuss aspects of manufacturing processes. The paper will explore definitions of terms that are used in manufacturing processes. It will also explain lean wastes in a manufacturing set up.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Lean Operations Design Homework specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Definitions Cycle time Cycle time is the duration of time needed to complete a production process. Raw materials are processed into finished products within the period. Cycle time begins when production process starts with raw materials until the time when the necessary production activities are completed (Curry and Feldman, 2010). Throughput Throughput is the measure of the rate of production of a process. It measures the quantity of raw materials that are utilized in a production process per unit duration of time. Denis and Shock define throughput as the mean rate of outcome from a process (Denis and Shock, 2007). Throughput time Throughput time is a total time that is taken to complete a production process. The period begins from the first step of a production process up to the process’ last step. Throughput time in a manufacturing industry is, for instance, defined as the duration of time that starts at the beginning of a production process until the time that the desired finished product is obtained (Reijers, 2003). Work in progress Work in progress refers to the value of raw materials that have been put in a production process but have not yet been completed. Example of work in progress in a manufacturing industry is the set of materials that are meant to be used in the production of commodities, but which are still under the manufacturing process (Dudbridge, 2011). Job shop A job shop is a production facility or a set of machines, which can only execute one activity at a time, but can be reused after every single operation. It defines a collection of facilities which functionalities are renewable (Lee and Choi, 2010). Possible seven lean wastes in Kentucky Fried Chicken domain The main aim of lean production processes is to minimize wastes that could be incurred during production processes. Possible lean wastes in a manufacturing industry include â€Å"overproduction, inventory, transport, processing, idle time, operation motion, and bad quality† (Dudbridge, 2011, n.p.).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overproduction, which is defined as excess output of finished products, is a waste because it induces turbulence in a supply chain’s production flow. Further, overproduction means that resources that could have been used in other activities are tied up in stock that is not immediately useful to an or ganization. Transportation, which is defined as the process of moving inventory from one location to another, is also a waste because it causes expenditure, but does not add value to the production process. Operator motion, a process that involves movement of personnel from one manufacturing location to another, in cases where processes are executed at different locations, is also a significant waste. This is because the time and resources that are used in operator motions could be utilized in adding value to the production process (Dudbridge, 2011). Inventory, which is a derivative of overproduction, is another waste in production processes. Like overproduction, inventory holds up resources and disrupts flow of production processes. While bad quality leads to poor sales, costly processing methods reduce availability of resources and idle time delays production processes (Dudbridge, 2011). One of the possible lean wastes that Kentucky could face is overproduction. This could lead to held up resources and losses due to expired stock. The organization can avoid the waste through market research on demand trends. Transportation of resources such as raw materials is another possible waste for the company. This can be avoided by establishing the company’s own poultry firm within or around its premises. Large inventory due to over production can also be avoided by monitoring market trends together with application of sales promotions. Idle time and poor quality are other wastes that the company could face and can be avoided by ensuring proper operations management (Dudbridge, 2011). References Curry, G., and Feldman, R. (2010). Manufacturing Systems Modeling and Analysis. New York, NY: SpringerAdvertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Lean Operations Design Homework specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Denis, P., and Shock, J. (2007). Lean production simplified: a plain language guide to the worlds m ost powerful production system. New York, NY: Productivity Press Dudbridge, M. (2011). Handbook of Lean Manufacturing in the Food Industry. Oxford, UK: John Wiley Sons Lee, S., and Choi, B. (2010). Frontiers of Assembly and Manufacturing: Selected Papers from ISAM09. Barcelona, Spain: Springer Reijers, H. (2003). Design and control of workflow processes: business process management for the service industry. New York, NY: Springer

Writing Comparison and Contrast Essays

Writing Comparison and Contrast Essays Writing Comparison and Contrast Essays Writing Comparison and Contrast Essays Among different kinds of essays you have to write at school, comparison and contrast essays are perhaps the most interesting ones. Writing comparison and contrast essays develops your analytical skills, you can improve your ability to compare and make conclusions. Well, if you are not sure how to write a comparison and contrast essay, you are reading the right article. Starting your comparison and contrast essayTo make a good start of your comparison and contrast essay, make sure you know the basis for comparison. Start with providing some common features, after that find the characteristics which are different, and then make a conclusion. For instance, you do not know how to write a comparison and contrast essay on the Bible. Well, pick out one story which you like. For example, let it be a story about Cain and Abel. As a matter of common features, write that both of them worked very hard. Then, to contrast them, start with giving the infor mation that Cain worked in the field, and Abel was a shepherd. Then, write that Abel was humble and kind, and Cain was envious and mean. Once, both of them decided to make a sacrifice to God. While God accepted Abels gift, Cains sacrifice was neglected. That is why we can make a conclusion that God sees in a persons heart, it is impossible to hide anything from Him.Comparison contrast essay writing secretsWriting comparison and contrast essays, remember that it is important to sound emphatic. Sometimes it is not easy to find points to compare. For example, you may not know how to write a comparison and contrast essay on some modern book. Modern authors often avoid describing their characters as opposites; they want them to look like real people which have both positive and negative traits. This can complicate writing comparison and contrast essays. For instance, how to write a comparison and contrast essay on History? If you have to compare two poques, choose the main points to characterize. They can be the economical situation in the country, the demographical situation, the level of science development. Write some information about education and culture of these periods. Writing comparison and contrast essays on History, it is also important to mention the level of material welfare of people. In conclusion write in which poque peoples life was better. Now we think that you know how to write a comparison and contrast essay and you will easily complete your assignment.

Book Assignment Part 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Book Assignment Part 5 - Essay Example Actors on a historical stage do not just exist; they act, and they act out of the conditions of their character and circumstances. Human life is biographical as well as biological, and it is clear that memory has sense from both of these perspectives. Following Martnez (1994), Wilson and Donnan state that: "transnationalism is the process whereby borderlanders are influenced by, and sometimes share the values, ideas, customs and traditions of, their counterparts across the boundary line" (Wilson and Donnan 1999, p. 5). Unlike the stage actor, whose assumed identity is not taken seriously to represent the self within, the spy must convince skeptical and suspicious others of the reality of an assumed identity, when that assumed identity is in fact false. Thus, the spy poses an interesting case for a psychology of self and identity, especially when the possibilities of double agents or counterspies are considered. In contrast to other borders, the uniqueness of the U.S.-Mexican border is explained by historical relations between the nations and political struggle. The war between the United States and Mexico (1846-48) ended with the defeat of Mexico and its resultant loss of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. For the first time the Spanish Americans realized that the "Colossus of the North" was a threat to them. Although Mexico has had to accept the loss of half the territory it claimed, that loss is still a source of bitterness. In South America after the wars of independence there were no developments of international importance comparable to those in Mexico. Though for some purposes and in some contexts the 'native' population was treated as homogeneous, there was in colonialism, an ideology and practice of classification' which usually divided that population into further, hierarchically ordered and stereotyped, categories. Sometimes these were very broad: Spaniards in Mexico referred to the 'wild' Indians. This kind of transformation often emerged through an 'ethnic dialectic'. In the colonial classification of indigenous populations there was a dialectical relationship between existing ethnic categories, often those of the locally dominant group with which the colonizers first established contact, or with which they had their most enduring relationship, and the categories of the colonizers' own language and culture. They did not impose or operate solely with a preformed system of classification, nor did they adopt existing systems wholesale. In the shaping and reshaping of indigenous ethnic and cultural pluralism there was a complex i nterplay between colonizers' systems of classification and those of the colonized (which in any case were not timeless or unchanging). The transformation of ethnic space involved various forms of social and political incorporation. "The exploration of Mexican and Mexican-American political values and actions at the border is an early example of ethnicity as a factor which gives character to the borderlands, binds communities to each other across the borderline" (Wilson and Donnan Wilson and Donnan 1999, p. 54) . The relations between the U.S. and Mexico were based on unique cultural values and traditions shaped by both cultures. The historical and sociological process we have

Political Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political Terrorism - Essay Example To answer this question let us look at the definition of terrorism. Political terrorism is a mode of warfare and has a different meaning for different people and in this is the conundrum in defining political terrorism. For the developed world the Libyan-supported attacks on the airports at Rome and Vienna in 1985 were acts of political terrorism by Libya and the revolutionary elements using armed struggle to promote their aims at securing freedom. From the perspective of Libya, however it was the retaliatory attack by the powerful United States of America in 1986 that was an act of political terrorism, for it was purely with the objective of putting fear into Libya and the insurgent groups that violence would be met with violence. Thus searching for a universally accepted definition of political terrorism is futile exercise and there would be better reward in trying to understand what political terrorism means (Merari, 2007). There are three basic elements that go into providing an understanding of political terrorism. The first is that the destructive violence seen in mode of warfare of political violent is unlike the conventional open combat and is essentially in used by stealth. The second basic element is the principal targets of this violence is political and even when the targets are not political, the message attempted to be communicated through the violence is political. The final basic element in political terrorism is that it is used by insurgent groups against the state or as recourse by the state. Thus the main players in political terrorism are insurgent groups acting against the state or the state by itself (Ronczkowski, 2004). Terror as a weapon has a long history and is not a development of the twentieth century. However, the nature of terrorism that society faces today is far different from the earlier experiences and as a coherent philosophy is rooted in

Numerical Differential Equation Analysis Package

Numerical Differential Equation Analysis Package The Numerical Differential Equation Analysis package combines functionality for analyzing differential equations using Butcher trees, Gaussian quadrature, and Newton-Cotes quadrature. Butcher Runge-Kutta methods are useful for numerically solving certain types of ordinary differential equations. Deriving high-order Runge-Kutta methods is no easy task, however. There are several reasons for this. The first difficulty is in finding the so-called order conditions. These are nonlinear equations in the coefficients for the method that must be satisfied to make the error in the method of order O (hn) for some integer n where h is the step size. The second difficulty is in solving these equations. Besides being nonlinear, there is generally no unique solution, and many heuristics and simplifying assumptions are usually made. Finally, there is the problem of combinatorial explosion. For a twelfth-order method there are 7813 order conditions! This package performs the first task: finding the order conditions that must be satisfied. The result is expressed in terms of unknown coefficients aij, bj, and ci. The s-stage Runge-Kutta method to advance from x to x+h is then where Sums of the elements in the rows of the matrix [aij] occur repeatedly in the conditions imposed on aij and bj. In recognition of this and as a notational convenience it is usual to introduce the coefficients ci and the definition This definition is referred to as the row-sum condition and is the first in a sequence of row-simplifying conditions. If aij=0 for all i≠¤j the method is explicit; that is, each of the Yi (x+h) is defined in terms of previously computed values. If the matrix [aij] is not strictly lower triangular, the method is implicit and requires the solution of a (generally nonlinear) system of equations for each timestep. A diagonally implicit method has aij=0 for all i There are several ways to express the order conditions. If the number of stages s is specified as a positive integer, the order conditions are expressed in terms of sums of explicit terms. If the number of stages is specified as a symbol, the order conditions will involve symbolic sums. If the number of stages is not specified at all, the order conditions will be expressed in stage-independent tensor notation. In addition to the matrix a and the vectors b and c, this notation involves the vector e, which is composed of all ones. This notation has two distinct advantages: it is independent of the number of stages s and it is independent of the particular Runge-Kutta method. For further details of the theory see the references. ai,j the coefficient of f(Yj(x)) in the formula for Yi(x) of the method bj the coefficient of f(Yj(x)) in the formula for Y(x) of the method ci a notational convenience for aij e a notational convenience for the vector (1, 1, 1, ) Notation used by functions for Butcher. RungeKuttaOrderConditions[p,s] give a list of the order conditions that any s-stage Runge-Kutta method of order p must satisfy ButcherPrincipalError[p,s] give a list of the order p+1 terms appearing in the Taylor series expansion of the error for an order-p, s-stage Runge-Kutta method RungeKuttaOrderConditions[p], ButcherPrincipalError[p] give the result in stage-independent tensor notation Functions associated with the order conditions of Runge-Kutta methods. ButcherRowSum specify whether the row-sum conditions for the ci should be explicitly included in the list of order conditions ButcherSimplify specify whether to apply Butchers row and column simplifying assumptions Some options for RungeKuttaOrderConditions. This gives the number of order conditions for each order up through order 10. Notice the combinatorial explosion. In[2]:= Out[2]= This gives the order conditions that must be satisfied by any first-order, 3-stage Runge-Kutta method, explicitly including the row-sum conditions. In[3]:= Out[3]= These are the order conditions that must be satisfied by any second-order, 3-stage Runge-Kutta method. Here the row-sum conditions are not included. In[4]:= Out[4]= It should be noted that the sums involved on the left-hand sides of the order conditions will be left in symbolic form and not expanded if the number of stages is left as a symbolic argument. This will greatly simplify the results for high-order, many-stage methods. An even more compact form results if you do not specify the number of stages at all and the answer is given in tensor form. These are the order conditions that must be satisfied by any second-order, s-stage method. In[5]:= Out[5]= Replacing s by 3 gives the same result asRungeKuttaOrderConditions. In[6]:= Out[6]= These are the order conditions that must be satisfied by any second-order method. This uses tensor notation. The vector e is a vector of ones whose length is the number of stages. In[7]:= Out[7]= The tensor notation can likewise be expanded to give the conditions in full. In[8]:= Out[8]= These are the principal error coefficients for any third-order method. In[9]:= Out[9]= This is a bound on the local error of any third-order method in the limit as h approaches 0, normalized to eliminate the effects of the ODE. In[10]:= Out[10]= Here are the order conditions that must be satisfied by any fourth-order, 1-stage Runge-Kutta method. Note that there is no possible way for these order conditions to be satisfied; there need to be more stages (the second argument must be larger) for there to be sufficiently many unknowns to satisfy all of the conditions. In[11]:= Out[11]= RungeKuttaMethod specify the type of Runge-Kutta method for which order conditions are being sought Explicit a setting for the option RungeKuttaMethod specifying that the order conditions are to be for an explicit Runge-Kutta method DiagonallyImplicit a setting for the option RungeKuttaMethod specifying that the order conditions are to be for a diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta method Implicit a setting for the option RungeKuttaMethod specifying that the order conditions are to be for an implicit Runge-Kutta method $RungeKuttaMethod a global variable whose value can be set to Explicit, DiagonallyImplicit, or Implicit Controlling the type of Runge-Kutta method in RungeKuttaOrderConditions and related functions. RungeKuttaOrderConditions and certain related functions have the option RungeKuttaMethod with default setting $RungeKuttaMethod. Normally you will want to determine the Runge-Kutta method being considered by setting $RungeKuttaMethod to one of Implicit, DiagonallyImplicit, and Explicit, but you can specify an option setting or even change the default for an individual function. These are the order conditions that must be satisfied by any second-order, 3-stage diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta method. In[12]:= Out[12]= An alternative (but less efficient) way to get a diagonally implicit method is to force a to be lower triangular by replacing upper-triangular elements with 0. In[13]:= Out[13]= These are the order conditions that must be satisfied by any third-order, 2-stage explicit Runge-Kutta method. The contradiction in the order conditions indicates that no such method is possible, a result which holds for any explicit Runge-Kutta method when the number of stages is less than the order. In[14]:= Out[14]= ButcherColumnConditions[p,s] give the column simplifying conditions up to and including order p for s stages ButcherRowConditions[p,s] give the row simplifying conditions up to and including order p for s stages ButcherQuadratureConditions[p,s] give the quadrature conditions up to and including order p for s stages ButcherColumnConditions[p], ButcherRowConditions[p], etc. give the result in stage-independent tensor notation More functions associated with the order conditions of Runge-Kutta methods. Butcher showed that the number and complexity of the order conditions can be reduced considerably at high orders by the adoption of so-called simplifying assumptions. For example, this reduction can be accomplished by adopting sufficient row and column simplifying assumptions and quadrature-type order conditions. The option ButcherSimplify in RungeKuttaOrderConditions can be used to determine these automatically. These are the column simplifying conditions up to order 4. In[15]:= Out[15]= These are the row simplifying conditions up to order 4. In[16]:= Out[16]= These are the quadrature conditions up to order 4. In[17]:= Out[17]= Trees are fundamental objects in Butchers formalism. They yield both the derivative in a power series expansion of a Runge-Kutta method and the related order constraint on the coefficients. This package provides a number of functions related to Butcher trees. f the elementary symbol used in the representation of Butcher trees ButcherTrees[p] give a list, partitioned by order, of the trees for any Runge-Kutta method of order p ButcherTreeSimplify[p,,] give the set of trees through order p that are not reduced by Butchers simplifying assumptions, assuming that the quadrature conditions through order p, the row simplifying conditions through order , and the column simplifying conditions through order all hold. The result is grouped by order, starting with the first nonvanishing trees ButcherTreeCount[p] give a list of the number of trees through order p ButcherTreeQ[tree] give True if the tree or list of trees tree is valid functional syntax, and False otherwise Constructing and enumerating Butcher trees. This gives the trees that are needed for any third-order method. The trees are represented in a functional form in terms of the elementary symbol f. In[18]:= Out[18]= This tests the validity of the syntax of two trees. Butcher trees must be constructed using multiplication, exponentiation or application of the function f. In[19]:= Out[19]= This evaluates the number of trees at each order through order 10. The result is equivalent to Out[2] but the calculation is much more efficient since it does not actually involve constructing order conditions or trees. In[20]:= Out[20]= The previous result can be used to calculate the total number of trees required at each order through order10. In[21]:= Out[21]= The number of constraints for a method using row and column simplifying assumptions depends upon the number of stages. ButcherTreeSimplify gives the Butcher trees that are not reduced assuming that these assumptions hold. This gives the additional trees that are necessary for a fourth-order method assuming that the quadrature conditions through order 4 and the row and column simplifying assumptions of order 1 hold. The result is a single tree of order 4 (which corresponds to a single fourth-order condition). In[22]:= Out[22]= It is often useful to be able to visualize a tree or forest of trees graphically. For example, depicting trees yields insight, which can in turn be used to aid in the construction of Runge-Kutta methods. ButcherPlot[tree] give a plot of the tree tree ButcherPlot[{tree1,tree2,}] give an array of plots of the trees in the forest {tree1, tree2,} Drawing Butcher trees. ButcherPlotColumns specify the number of columns in the GraphicsGrid plot of a list of trees ButcherPlotLabel specify a list of plot labels to be used to label the nodes of the plot ButcherPlotNodeSize specify a scaling factor for the nodes of the trees in the plot ButcherPlotRootSize specify a scaling factor for the highlighting of the root of each tree in the plot; a zero value does not highlight roots Options to ButcherPlot. This plots and labels the trees through order 4. In[23]:= Out[23]= In addition to generating and drawing Butcher trees, many functions are provided for measuring and manipulating them. For a complete description of the importance of these functions, see Butcher. ButcherHeight[tree] give the height of the tree tree ButcherWidth[tree] give the width of the tree tree ButcherOrder[tree] give the order, or number of vertices, of the tree tree ButcherAlpha[tree] give the number of ways of labeling the vertices of the tree tree with a totally ordered set of labels such that if (m, n) is an edge, then m ButcherBeta[tree] give the number of ways of labeling the tree tree with ButcherOrder[tree]-1 distinct labels such that the root is not labeled, but every other vertex is labeled ButcherBeta[n,tree] give the number of ways of labeling n of the vertices of the tree with n distinct labels such that every leaf is labeled and the root is not labeled ButcherBetaBar[tree] give the number of ways of labeling the tree tree with ButcherOrder[tree] distinct labels such that every node, including the root, is labeled ButcherBetaBar[n,tree] give the number of ways of labeling n of the vertices of the tree with n distinct labels such that every leaf is labeled ButcherGamma[tree] give the density of the tree tree; the reciprocal of the density is the right-hand side of the order condition imposed by tree ButcherPhi[tree,s] give the weight of the tree tree; the weight (tree) is the left-hand side of the order condition imposed by tree ButcherPhi[tree] give (tree) using tensor notation ButcherSigma[tree] give the order of the symmetry group of isomorphisms of the tree tree with itself Other functions associated with Butcher trees. This gives the order of the tree f[f[f[f] f^2]]. In[24]:= Out[24]= This gives the density of the tree f[f[f[f] f^2]]. In[25]:= Out[25]= This gives the elementary weight function imposed by f[f[f[f] f^2]] for an s-stage method. In[26]:= Out[26]= The subscript notation is a formatting device and the subscripts are really just the indexed variable NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis`Private`$i. In[27]:= Out[27]//FullForm= It is also possible to obtain solutions to the order conditions using Solve and related functions. Many issues related to the construction Runge-Kutta methods using this package can be found in Sofroniou. The article also contains details concerning algorithms used in Butcher.m and discusses applications. Gaussian Quadrature As one of its methods, the Mathematica function NIntegrate uses a fairly sophisticated Gauss-Kronrod-based algorithm. The Gaussian quadrature functionality provided in Numerical Differential Equation Analysis allows you to easily study some of the theory behind ordinary Gaussian quadrature which is a little less sophisticated. The basic idea behind Gaussian quadrature is to approximate the value if an integral as a linear combination of values of the integrand evaluated at specific points: Since there are 2n free parameters to be chosen (both the abscissas xi and the weights wi) and since both integration and the sum are linear operations, you can expect to be able to make the formula correct for all polynomials of degree less than about 2n. In addition to knowing what the optimal abscissas and weights are, it is often desirable to know how large the error in the approximation will be. This package allows you to answer both of these questions. GaussianQuadratureWeights[n,a,b] give a list of the pairs (xi, wi) to machine precision for quadrature on the interval a to b GaussianQuadratureError[n,f,a,b] give the error to machine precision GaussianQuadratureWeights[n,a,b,prec] give a list of the pairs (xi, wi) to precision prec GaussianQuadratureError[n,f,a,b,prec] give the error to precision prec Finding formulas for Gaussian quadrature. This gives the abscissas and weights for the five-point Gaussian quadrature formula on the interval (-3, 7). In[2]:= Out[2]= Here is the error in that formula. Unfortunately it involves the tenth derivative of f at an unknown point so you dont really know what the error itself is. In[3]:= Out[3]= You can see that the error decreases rapidly with the length of the interval. In[4]:= Out[4]= Newton-Cotes As one of its methods, the Mathematica function NIntegrate uses a fairly sophisticated Gauss-Kronrod based algorithm. Other types of quadrature formulas exist, each with their own advantages. For example, Gaussian quadrature uses values of the integrand at oddly spaced abscissas. If you want to integrate a function presented in tabular form at equally spaced abscissas, it wont work very well. An alternative is to use Newton-Cotes quadrature. The basic idea behind Newton-Cotes quadrature is to approximate the value of an integral as a linear combination of values of the integrand evaluated at equally spaced points: In addition, there is the question of whether or not to include the end points in the sum. If they are included, the quadrature formula is referred to as a closed formula. If not, it is an open formula. If the formula is open there is some ambiguity as to where the first abscissa is to be placed. The open formulas given in this package have the first abscissa one half step from the lower end point. Since there are n free parameters to be chosen (the weights) and since both integration and the sum are linear operations, you can expect to be able to make the formula correct for all polynomials of degree less than about n. In addition to knowing what the weights are, it is often desi