Character, Nature, Spatial Distribution of World Cities Essay

The nature character and spatial distribution of world cities: Increasing globalisation has had major impacts on the world urban system. As a result a group of cities has emerged as key nodes in the organisation and functioning of the world, known as World Cities. World cities, such as London and New York are a product of cultural and economic globalisation and act as nodal points for the multiplicity of linkages and interconnections that sustain the functioning of the world economy. These cities have developed distinct characteristics as a result of their dynamic nature, and are spatially distributed around the world. Nature: The emergence of World cities has been due to the globalisation of economic activity, which involves the development of stronger links between various countries. There has been a great acceleration in globalisation and the growth of world cities – due to: †¢Technologic development in transport and communication †¢Deregulation of trade and financial markets †¢The emergence of and role played by Trans National Corporations (TNC’s) †¢New ways of undergoing business operations and economic activity †¢Emergence of a global market for lifestyle related commodities This process of globalisation and the growth of world cities have had a number of impacts: †¢Economic restructuring – A rapid expansion in world trade and relocation of labour intensive manufacturing processes to developing nations (megacities) with cheaper labour. World cities are emerging from the internationalisation of economic activity. TNCs are a key player in this rapid expansion as they have an increase in economic influence not only deciding what to produce but where to produce and distribute it. †¢Spatial restructuring patterns in developed areas – the shift from residential and commercial investment in suburbs to higher-cost inner city housing and ‘edge cities’ or ‘technoburbs’ which are distinct urban nodes with larger metropolitan areas. This often targets low income areas which pushes low income people further away from these nodes. †¢Social restructuring patterns in developed areas- Urban societies have become more polarised with greater amounts of poverty and wealth. The middle class is stagnating in terms of wealth although there is a splitting into a lower middle class with low paid service sector jobs and an upper middle class who are multiskilled such as in the information based industries. The industrial work class is declining in living standards. The outcome of this restructuring is an increase in disparity in terms of social advantages and disadvantages. Character: World cities are nodes in the global economy which hold national and international significance due to their economic and cultural influence; World cities possess this economic and cultural authority through various characteristics described below. Economic: -They are command points in the organisation of the global economy -Key locations for a full range of financial services -Markets for a vast range of goods and services Cultural: -Existence of social infrastructure that facilitates contact between people face-to-face -A centre for a range of cultural facilities -Provides the opportunity to live a distinctive cultural lifestyle Spatial Distribution: World cities are spatially dispersed, mainly across the developed world, yet globally integrated through systems of exchange and production. Within the global network of world cities exist several sub systems: †¢Western European subsystem – centred on London and Paris. This contains the highest concentration of world cities as it is the it is the initial site of the industrial revolution leading to the interconnection of these cities to each other. †¢North American subsystem- centred on New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. This is the second largest concentration of world cities as its industrial revolution led to it being a leading manufacturing region of the world and then the leading service region of the world. †¢Asian subsystem- centred on Tokyo, Singapore and more recently Shanghai. The Asian world cities most importantly connect regional manufacturing areas such as India and China through Mumbai and Shanghai respectively into the world economy. Other centres such as Tokyo, Seoul and Hong Kong are also world cities due to their past industrialisation following World War II. †¢Southern Hemisphere- linked by Sydney, Johannesburg and Sao Paulo. The southern hemisphere is largely disconnected as much of South America and Africa is still in a developing state but key cities such as Sydney and Sao Paulo connect the respective regions of Australia and Brazil into the global economy. Due to continued globalisation, a number of projected spatial trends also exist: †¢An increase in African cities into a global network may be seen in the future. Africa is a resource rich area, especially in raw minerals and it also has a large population available. These areas are currently marginalised from the global system as there is a lack of infrastructure which allows for the expansion of these economies on a global scale. Despite this marginalisation they do still have connectivity to Europe exporting goods such as oil. †¢A shift of power to Asian cities- The Asian region has been industrialising since the end of World War II and cities such as Tokyo have major connectivity and influence as world cities. The economic growth seen areas such as China and India may lead to a high concentration of world cities in this region and a shift in global cultural and economic power. †¢An increase in South American cities into the global network. Through countries such as Brazil, which has maintained GDP growth rates of around 10%, as well as this other countries have regional importance which can be linked to the global network through cities such as Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires. †¢An increase in Middle East cities into the global network. Countries such as the United Arab Emirates have sustained high economic growth rates due to oil exportation which has then been invested into infrastructure such as for tourism. An example of this is in Dubai with major investment in hotels. This new system of world cities based on the presences of information-based activities is an essential part of the global hierarchy.

Example Essay

Example Essay Most Americans spend about three to four hours a day watching TV, according to Nielsen Numbers. During this time Americans encountered commercials with promising product that improve your life. When it comes to love, the media uses sex to lure in the customer. We see this form of advertising in recent products campaign such as the Dentine Ice â€Å"Practice Safe Breath† and the Axe â€Å"Apollo. † The campaign â€Å"Practice Safe Breath† had subliminal messages about sex. The first scene of the commercial was a couple in a car. The couple was about to kiss and a girl stops the guy and says â€Å"Wait, you have one right? The word â€Å"one† has a double meaning both refering to the gum and a condom. The guy puts his hand in his pocket and retrieves a packet of Dentine Ice. The girl smiles and grabs a piece of gum. The next scene of the commercial is about a Guy that is in a hurry. He goes into his friends room and says â€Å"Hey bud can you help me out. † The friend opens his night stand and pulls out a packet or Dentine Ice. For most guys night stands are the place where guys usually store their condoms. In both situations the gum was being used in context that could be confused with a condom.After the Guy gets the gum pack he rushes back to his girlfriend and begins to kiss her. The media knows that using sex as a â€Å"subliminal message† will produce an attention grabbing commercial. The audience then comes to the conclusion that if they buy Dentine Ice then maybe it will help them improve their love life. Some people might even want to be in the situations that are shown in the commercial. The body language shown by the characters in the commercial were very sexual. Most of the characters were eager to get intimate with each other, and needed the gum to for fill their needs.The commercial â€Å"Dentine Ice Practice Safe Breath† was named after a campaign called â€Å"Practice Safe Sex† that was supported by the non profit organization named Kush Kash Entertainment in 2011. The campaign promoted safe sex and sells condoms to prevent STD or teenage pregnancys. The commercial ends with the line â€Å"So you are prepared no matter how close you get† telling people to be ready with a pack of gum, in case of a close encounter with a partner. Another product that promotes improving your love life is â€Å"Axe Apollo. † In this commercial a girl is swimming in the ocean.She is about to get attacked by a shark, when a lifeguard jumped into the water to save her. The life guard was a handsome guy with enough strength to arm wrestle a shark to â€Å"save her. † He brought her to the shore; she woke up and took a deep breath. She inhaled the smell of the Axe body spray, and ran to a man in an astronaut suit. The astronaut takes of his helmet and reveals his face. He was a wimpy looking guy, nothing compared to the lifeguard that rescued her. The commercia ls main purpose was to tell men that if they wear Axe, they will be chosen over the hot guy.In society, the attractive girl will usually choose the strong, brave and handsome guy over a guy that isn't strong or attractive. The only words that are said in this commercial are â€Å"Wear new Axe Apollo for your chance to go to space. Leave a man, come back a hero. † This is implying men if they wear Axe these men will be able to help their love life with females. If men wear Axe Apollo, that will help them find a women to have sex with. This will become a hero even if they are not sexually attractive like the lifeguard. This gives men a boost in their self-esteem while wearing Axe.The commercial implies that by wearing Axe Apollo, women will find men more physically and sexually attractive. These are two examples of how commercials sponsor products to possibly help your love life. The media uses subliminal messages using sex to sell products. Promising results to help your self- esteem or get you one step closer to have a relationship with someone. Some commercials are more upfront on promoting sex products than others. But over all they all serve the same purpose to try â€Å"to help people† have an easier love life with no problem. Example Essay Jessica C. Apolinar 04. 15. 13 EN-202-02 Example Essay Dolphins are widely known as humans' close relatives from the sea or so the â€Å"other humans† who chose to live in the sea. They have human characteristics that most animals do not have. They are amazingly intelligent, friendly, and genetically similar. A research done by John Lilly concludes that dolphins are in fact intelligent as humans.Many other scientists have studied dolphin behaviors years ago and now have come to a possible result of dolphins being the closest relatives to humans. Their brains are larger than human brains, but they are able to think like humans. This is why most humans are more intrigued by their kind than any other animal and would easily train them to do tricks like waving good-bye or hello. Another characteristic would be their friendliness. Dolphins are popular for their friendliness toward humans.They are very playful and would mainly interact with humans more often than any other animal. T hey could be seen in dolphin shows like the show â€Å"Skipper†. They would also play around boats or ships putting a show for the people and are also famous for saving human lives either from drowning or being attacked by sharks. One last recent discovery was their genetic make-up are surprisingly similar to human genetics. Research has proven that humans and dolphins have more in common than they thought they have.An experiment from Texas A;M University tried to apply human chromosomes with the dolphin chromosomes, and they have discovered that out of the 22 dolphins 13 dolphin chromosomes were similar to human chromosomes. They have also found 3 other genes that was similar to human genes. There has been many studies of dolphins and up to this moment scientists still wonder how humans and cetaceans are alike. Although dolphins live on water while humans live on land, scientists still believe that there is still a connection between humans and dolphins that still needs to b e discovered.Dolphins' close interactions with humans and their similar characteristics are just evidence of how humans and dolphins relate. Work Cited Peterson, Paula, and Seema Kumar. â€Å"The Dolphin-Human Connection. †Ã‚  Earthcode InternationalNetwork. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Apr 2013. . Dudzinski, Kathleen, Frohoff, Toni, . Dolphin Mysteries : Unlocking the Secrets of Communication. NEW HAVEN AND LONDON: YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2008. eBook.

What is the PARCC Test? Everything You Need to Know

Standardized testing has long been a hot-button topic, and with good reason. While proponents say these tests are crucial for measuring both student and teacher performance, critics argue that they take valuable time away from learning. In recent years, a great deal of the conversation has focused on the PARCC test, or Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers. Whether you’re a student taking the PARCC for the first time, a teacher administering the exam, or a parent with school-age children, it pays to know what this process entails. Read on for everything you need to know about PARCC. PARCC refers to a collection of exams administered to public school students on a yearly basis. Developed by experts from multiple states, PARCC exams are designed to measure student progress while establishing Common Core standards for grades 3-11. Not only do states examine student performance by school, identifying problem areas, but schools assess individual student performance to determine where extra help may be required. The tests serve as replacements for older forms of standardized testing. However, that doesn’t mean the majority of educators are on board. As of 2018, only New Mexico, New Jersey, and the District of Columbia were still administering the full exam , while states like Colorado and Louisiana were incorporating just some PARCC questions into their own assessments. Administered at the end of the school year, the tests are designed to assess both problem solving and critical thinking. Their goal is to ensure students are prepared for college and their professional lives. Additionally, the PARCC test ensures students are learning based on the Common Core standards . Because students take the PARCC test on a computer, numerous accommodations are available for those with learning challenges and disabilities. The PARCC exams consist of two components: English/language arts and math. For the English/language arts portion of the exam, students read fiction and nonfiction passages, watch videos, and listen to audio recordings. Then they answer multiple choice questions and write responses based on what they learned. For the math component, students solve problems requiring multi-step solutions. Because the math questions involve real-life situations, students must utilize reasoning and logic rather than rote memorization and procedure. Additionally, the revised PARCC exams require students to show their work. So, teachers have an enhanced ability to evaluate and identify gaps in understanding and tailor instruction accordingly. PARCC scores are assigned based on performance levels. Students receive marks between Level 1 and Level 5 , with Levels 4 and 5 indicating that students are performing well. Scoring Level 3 means students need a little more help to meet expectations. A score of Level 1 or Level 2 suggests that students require significant intervention. Our Early Advising Program helps students in 9th and 10th grade discover their passions and build strong academic and extracurricular profiles to succeed in high school. Proponents of the PARCC system say that it offers numerous benefits for both students and administrators. One advantage of PARCC over other standardized tests is that it doesn’t just use multiple-choice questions that assess what a student has memorized. Instead, the tests require students to employ logic and reasoning to answer questions and justify their responses. In this way, the test is evaluating a student’s ability to think critically. Because PARCC focuses on applying skills rather than regurgitating information, some advocates argue that schools don’t have to â€Å"teach to the test† the way they do with other exams. Instead, educators can simply encourage students to think critically about all lessons. Of course, not everyone is a proponent of PARCC tests. In fact, many administrators argue that teachers do spend a great deal of time preparing students for the test—time that could be better spent on classroom instruction. Because many students have not encountered a standardized test like PARCC before, educators need to prepare them to answer the certain type and style of questions. And younger students in particular may need help learning to manage their time on a test like PARCC. Additionally, critics say that PARCC results in a great deal of stress for test takers. It’s no secret that many students suffer anxiety during testing. Because scoring at the lower levels on PARCC can have serious consequences, including being held back, students may feel even more worried about taking the exam. The strict testing environment, which limits student movement and behavior, can also be stressful for students. Finally, some PARCC critics believe that the test has an unfair impact on diverse and underprivileged students and their teachers. Because test scores tend to be lower in impoverished regions, critics fear that these results will be used to justify holding students back, firing teachers, and even closing underperforming schools. Have questions about PARCC or another form of standardized testing? At , we’re passionate about helping prepare students to get into the schools of their dreams. For more information on our services, call today or contact us for a free consultation.

International Marketing Management Assignment Essay

International Marketing Management Assignment - Essay Example Mainly there are three types of marketing .They are Domestic marketing, International marketing, Global marketing. The International marketing means is the application of marketing principles to more than one country. There are some marketing mix to get a desired outcomes of the marketing. The term marketing mix described the combination of marketing elements used in a given situation. Approximate mixture varies depending on the firm and industry. Major element of the marketing mix can be listed under four heeding. A firms marketing mix normally have to be adapted for international marketing in consequence of the many national differences that exist in relation to stages of economic development, social system, technological environment, legal framework. The marketing mix known as four Ps. That is product, price, place and promotion. "The four Ps--product, price, place, and promotion--found in the marketing toolbox are the independent variables used to influence the desired out comes of the target markets, the dependent variables." (Kotler and Lee 2007, p. 12+). Another definition of the international marketing is the use of marketing mix in to more than one country. ... keting research is a continuing and interacting structure of people, equipment and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute pertinent, timely and accurate information for use by marketing decision makers to improve their marketing planning, implementation, and control. The international marketing research is very essential to any type of company to plan a new project and international expansion of existing company. The international marketing research defines as systematic method of data collection. It includes information about customer, their needs and wants, and market etc "international marketing research is the systematic and objective collection of information concerning international markets. It helps management to reach sound decisions concerning the selection and implementation of their international marketing." (Mccall and Stone 2004, P. 83). The main purpose of the international marketing research is to collect information for make a solution to solve marketing problem when a company plan to international marketing." the essential purpose of marketing research is to provide the necessary information or knowledge on which to base sound decisions in the solution of marketing problems when - readily available information is insufficient or completely lacking" (Davidson and Beckman 1967, p. 597). There are many methods to collect information for international marketing researcher. These methods include conducting program by marketing researcher and conducting the program by someone else. According to these methods there are two types of research that is primary research and secondary research. "There are two basic types of research: primary and secondary. Primary research is the type you conduct yourself and secondary research is the type

Travelogue - Tour of New Delhi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Travelogue - Tour of New Delhi - Essay Example They would tell me how large India is, the unique architectural designs in the cities, the festivities, the trains, the monsoons, the ethnic diversity of the people and many other fascinating stories about India. As a lover of traveling, I started to think of India as an ultimate travel destination from a very tender age in my life. Since our marriage a year and a half ago, my spouse and I had always planned to have an enthralling tour as a celebration of our personal and mutual achievements as a young couple. When the time finally came; when we had gathered all the required resources for the journey, my spouse wanted me to suggest a destination. There would be no better destination than India. I already had done a lot of research about India and the typical stories foreigners tell after visiting New Delhi. Most of them were good, but some few others were bad including chaos in the city, cunning taxi drivers, fake ‘government’ tourists’ offices and many others. Th e good thing was that I knew the facts and the hearsay. That information was enough armor to protect us in our six days and five nights in New Delhi. The Cosmopolitan City We landed in the Indira Gandhi International Airport at 8 is on a Thursday at the onset of summer. We had already arranged for a tour guide and we were glad to recognize him easily. He introduced himself again (we already knew he was Kizito), but to our amazement, he was not an Indian. He saw the astonishment and explained with a smile that he came all the way from Uganda in search for greener pastures since five years ago. Nevertheless, he seemed to be enjoying himself. He slowly walked us into one of the restaurants at the airport for a late breakfast. Here in India, they call it ‘Nashta’. Nashta diet varied from region to region. We were each served with a plate of aloo  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ a delicious meal made mainly from potatoes, curry leaves, peanuts, and chilies. Kizito was fluent in English. He was a ble to answer most of the questions we asked about our new city. He described the cosmopolitanism nature that the city boasts. The people here are from different races, nationalities, ethnicities, religions, and even different political orientations. In addition, he explained that as we shall soon find out, the city has many people from all over the world. Some, like him, live here while others come and go in large numbers for purposes of business, tourism, education, or even to attend religious events. Other than cosmopolitanism, the vibrant economy of New Delhi can be attributed to its virtue of being the capital city of India and its residents practicing neoliberalism in whereby they focus on economic growth. The breakfast session lasted about an hour. Kizito headed us to Kario Guest House about a thirty minutes’ drive from the airport. This will be our new home for the next six days. We were to rest till 2 pm when we begin visiting the many attractions in the metropolis. In the afternoon, we begin with a tour to the Old Delhi. The Old and the New Delhi Talking of New Delhi, one may wonder whether there exists an Old Delhi. The answer is ‘YES’. Old Delhi indeed exists. According to David (2008), Delhi was originally on the western banks of River Jumna. Ancient Hindu traditions and beliefs dictated that cities and towns should only be constructed on the right bank of the flow of the river. The left bank was to be left wild.  Ã‚  

Music Culture - The Four Components Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Music Culture - The Four Components - Essay Example The second component of the music culture includes the activities which employ music. Today music is used in almost all the spheres of human activity, and music itself has become a separate activity practiced both by amateurs and by professionals. It is also remarkable that music itself has become a very lucrative business, and it is not normal that sometimes its quality may suffer so that more income could be gained from its mass production. Filmmaking is the first activity mentioned when the music-employing activities are in question. In this sphere of activity, music is one of the key components of the proper product making, as it often conveys such emotions and information which is impossible to be transferred otherwise. Music is also employed by ritual events. This means that such events from one’s life as marriage, child’s birth, college entering etc. are in most cases accompanied by music, and its kind and mood depends on the nature of the event, that is, if the event is positive and gives happiness, then the music is also major and pompous, and, on the contrary, negative events imply involvement of sad music. This means that music has relation to the norms of the society. It helps people honor their colleagues or relatives and mourn the loss of someone or something very dear, that is, expressing one’s feelings and emotions, maintenance of interpersonal communication.RepertoireThe next, the third, component of the music culture is the music repertoire.

Vietnam and the Twentieth Century Experience Essay

Vietnam and the Twentieth Century Experience - Essay Example The proponent also discusses the resources that could be helpful to students of history particularly in understanding Vietnam’s culture and history. In particular, the proponent discusses the case of Vietnamese students in France during and after the colonial role of the French government in Vietnam, and their specific stand on nationalism that could mirror the Vietnamese culture or entire history. Student migration in France during and after the colonial role of the French government in Vietnam was a significant source of information that could elaborately discuss the issue regarding Vietnamese nationalism (McConnell 1989). Vietnamese students at this very moment in time had learned to communicate using French into newspapers, leaflets and even to letters they sent at home. Most of these students learned to express themselves in the French language, especially on various political ideas. Significantly, a historian having no sufficient background on Vietnamese culture or history would be able to document some substantial information that could elaborately discuss the political stand of Vietnamese students using some sources that could evidently express an essential link with the actual event in Vietnam and its culture and history. In this manner, even though the ideas had not been directly gathered in Vietnam, but the Vietnamese students in France and their specific political stand on some certain issues would specifically pave the way for understanding the actual event happening in their country and their political stand. Furthermore, their specific opinion or stand on the certain issue could be actually gathered through understanding their experiences which could be collected from existing articles or communication they had written.  

Womanist Theology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Womanist Theology - Research Paper Example Many theological stories associate African American women with motherhood. Black women had a strong bond with their children and existed in Africa before their movement to America as slaves. Fathers could not assume their responsibility mainly due to reasons emanating from slavery in plantations or studs. As such, black women had to nature their children on their own due to slavery. In other parts of Africa, black women earned their living through working as market women whereas in the America slave mothers worked in plantations and if they were city slaves, worked in other capacities as hired slaves. This paper will discuss womanist theology basing its argument from theologian Delores Williams, the writer of The Sisters of the Wilderness. According to Delores Williams, a host of alien political and social forces controlled the black woman and shaped her present life. During slavery times, Anglo American family and social demands controlled her life and thus in the course of her life , she found herself falling victim of cultural redefinitions and black male female crises as well as role exploitation. These crises affected the black woman’s well being seriously and as s result; the new world of slavery in America adjusted her to meet the American institutional needs during those times. Theological studies based on literary history reveals the role of African American women as vital in development of community since the time of antebellum in North America throughout today. Black women used religion to console themselves upon encountering emotional, psychological, spiritual exploitations from the white world and even some black community members. Black mothers used to serve as mammies in the white families back in slavery times however later, religion redeemed their role and reinstituted and made them important denominational mothers of the church. In this context, black African American women used to serve as powerful and figurative mothers of the church. Many slave narratives describe black African American mothers as burdened by bondage system between them and their children. However, of the hundred and thirty spiritual songs available in the Ballanta Taylor collection describe black mothers as helpful women, caring mothers, and nurtures filled with maturity. As opposed to spiritual songs, slave narratives projected the relationship between slave owners and black women as exploitative and negatively affected their well-being. Just as slave narrative narrated by Linda Brent, describe the relationship between the wife slave owner and the black mother as exploitative as the latter jargons avid her nurturing and mothering roles. Black or slave mothers manifested apparent and great strengths in not only nurturing and mothering their young ones; they also manifested their strength in their ability to endure as well as emerge victorious over suffering and pain that accompanied their hard roles. This endurance and later emergency of victor y related directly to slave mothers in depth dependence on God. This argument is evident spiritual lines of songs in religious faith revealed in both slave narratives and religious songs. In other instances within the story, mothers depended on religion on rearing their children. A particular slave named Sojourner Truth in the excerpt describes her mother as using religious ritual to bring up him. She always prayed to God to protect her and her son from the oppression of slavery. With that respect, it is evident that slave mothers who were black African American women used religion as a means of survival by asking God to take care of both themselves and their children. Strength among slave mothers is also evident in other tasks that she performed such as providing for,

Kurdistan workers party Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Kurdistan workers party - Research Paper Example It is significant to note that the focal operation of the Kurdistan Worker Party is in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, and Turkey. Further, the PKK has strong financial support and huge propaganda operations in Europe, and it mostly relies on violent and bloody crime for financing. The group started out in the beginning of the 1970’s in Ankara comprising mainly of students. They were led by Abdullah Ocallan. They expanded their follower base on November 25th, 1978 by targeting a wider audience of the Kurdish. Two days later, the group established and eventually named the Kurdistan Workers Party. It believed in a Marxist ideology and it frequently engaged in violent and bloody conflicts as a part of their political commotion in Turkey. The PKK holds that it is it role and responsibility in changing the lives of the Kurdish race in Southern Turkey. Therefore, its focus is to represent their ambitions and thoughts. The Marxist-Leninism propels the group to launch irresponsible struggle against people it calls the bourgeois (Anil, 2010). In 1980, there was a coup attempt in Turkey and this elevated the organization to another level. One of the organization’s co-founders, Sakine Cansiz, was arrested and ended up doing jail-term. Other members arrested were subjected to capital reprimand while others fled to Syria. Yet, in France, the organization’s activities were still brewing. The armed wing of this terrorist capsule, the PKK, attacked and bombed the Turkish embassy in Strasbourg. They had collaborated with the ASALA (Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia), an Armenian radical group. In 1984, the organization took another structural formation. They changed into a paramilitary group. They used France as their base setting up training camps. All through to the late 80’s, the organization became lethal venom in their terrorist activities. It attacked state institutions,

Language Learning Activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Language Learning Activities - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the linkword method, on the other hand, involves using images to link a word in a learner’s first language with a word in the foreign language the learner is learning. For example if an English speaker is learning French the instructor would provide the learner with an image of the object and its English word, and then link it with a French word for the image. In Krashen’s theory of second language acquisition there are five main hypotheses used to understand the process of language acquisition/language learning. These hypotheses are the acquisition-learning hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the natural order hypothesis, the input hypothesis and the affective filter hypothesis. According to the paper these three methods have advantages and drawbacks. There are certain fundamental principles that ensure success of TPR as a learning activity during the process of language learning. These principles are built upon the second language acqu isition theory by Stephen Krashen. The first principle states a language can be learned easier when a student can be in a position to receive a lot of comprehensible input from the natural surrounding. Comprehensible input means something that is simply understandable through communication which Krashen commonly refers to as the communicative act. The second principle is that a language learner benefits greatly from a ‘silent period’ during the learning process. The silent period is the period when the learner tries to understand and to respond to language instructions without attempting to speak. The silent period is natural and language learners speak only when language has fully developed in their brain. A learner will undergo a process of learning where he/she just receives input but stays for a certain period of time before they can speak the language.

Banning the Guns Essay Example for Free

Banning the Guns Essay Banning guns on campus Concealed carry vs. colleges is a story about don’t allow guns in campus. The gun control and gun rights is becoming a more and more popular topic after few gun shooting tragedies happened in schools, people are starting to worry about the security in schools. This story is part of editorials and debates in USA TODAY, and this story is published on September 27, 2012. There is no exactly author’s name in the story. In the beginning, the story has an introduction about students in Colorado are allowed to carry guns about anywhere after summer break because in 2008 ,public colleges can no longer ban guns on campus in Colorado. Then the author writes some opposing views about allowing concealed-carry on campus, and tells people it is dangerous that allow students carry guns in campus. In the story, the author effectively and persuasively employs the rhetorical appeals of ethos and pathos to support author’s point which is universities should allow banning the firearms. This article is written by an author without name in USA TODAY, because this article has obvious political tendency, the author may don’t want other people know his political thoughts, so that’s why author didn’t put his name in the article. USA TODAY newspaper is one of the biggest newspapers in USA, and this newspaper doesn’t have particular audience, it faces to many different people all over the world, so this newspaper has very big influence and it is very convinced, the author chooses this newspaper to publish his article is a very good idea. The intended audiences for this article are teachers and stu dents in universities; people who support gun control and most of them are mid-age and educated people. The purpose for this article is telling people that it is dangerous that allow students carry guns in campus, universities should ban the firearms and give some advises to people on how to stop gun shootings in campus. The author’s article effectively provide ethos by using the historical reference and relating to audience’s thinking of ban carrying guns in campus. According to the article â€Å"Massacre at Virginia Tech in 2007, when a deranged student killed 32 people in a matter of minutes. Pro-gun groups insist that an armed student or professor might have saved the day. But that notion is as far-fetched as it is alluring.†(Editorial) The author uses a historical reference of the Massacre at Virginia Tech as his ethos to tell audience that professors and students cannot stop the shooting happened  in campus. Many people believe that armed students or professor might have saved the day. But actually, students and professors in Virginia Tech didn’t stop the shooting in the school. Students or professors, they are not professional security who can keep the safety in school. So it is not necessary for students or professors to carry guns in the campus. On the other side, if students carry guns on campus and the shooting really happens in the school, then they try to use guns to protect themselves, it will become more risky. The author claims â€Å"In New York City this summer, when police shot and killed a gunman on the street near the Empire State Building, they also wounded nine innocent bystanders. Imagine what might happen with armed amateurs firing away in a darkened theater, or a barroom brawl.†(Editorial) The author uses another historical reference to remind audience that it is very risky for untrained students to carry and even shot guns to protect themselves, it may cause more injuries and deaths, because students or professors are not good at s hooting, so if they try to shot, it may hurt innocent people. Even well trained polices would wound innocent bystanders. It must be very dangerous when students have guns even they just want to protect themselves. In addition, the author also provides some suggestions to stop the gun shooting in schools by using ethos to advice people how to avoid dangerous people to get guns. The author mentions â€Å"Background checks are designed to keep the mentally ill, like the Virginia Tech shooter, from buying guns, but many states are lax in reporting mental health records to the federal system†. (Editorial) The author suggests the background checks are necessary, because most of the shooters are mentally ill people, so if those people cannot get guns they couldn’t kill students in schools any more. But because many states are lax in reporting mental health records, so those mental ill people can get guns very easily, they could kill students by guns in just few minutes. So the author suggests that the mental ill reports are very important, it is a good way to stop the gun shootings in school. The other advice is training gun owners about how to use guns correctly and safely. The author argues â€Å"In many states, including Colorado, a gun permit and a single training course, often lasting a day or less, are all you need to legally carry a concealed weapon. Many courses dont include live firing.† (Editorial) The author wants every states have a strict gun training courses. In some states, people just need  only take a day or less, it is not enough for a gun o wner to understand and practice how to use the gun in a right and safe way. Many courses even don’t include live firing, it means many people don’t know how to fire the gun since they get gun permit. The author is very worrying about this kind of situation, people cannot use guns in a correct may not protect themselves and even make a big tragedy. Lastly, the author’s article succeeded in employing the rhetorical appeal of pathos to catch audiences’ emotion, and show the intense stage on banning guns on campus. According to the lecture, Colorado, of course, was home to this years Aurora theater shooting and the 1999 Columbine High School massacre. It doesnt need any more tragedies. Some Colorado professors and students, upset by guns on campus, are pushing for a new law to bring back the ban.† (Editorial)The author’s success in grabbing her audience’s emotion is the use of powerful words. Colorado doesn’t need any more tragedies, it shows that the most of the people in Colorado hate the gun shootings, and they will try their best to stop tragedies in Colorado. This also can have strong emotional effect on people in other states to support the gun control policy. The word like pushing shows how the people in Colorado want the new law which brings back the ban guns as soon as possible. This can also press more people to think about the gun control. The argument between gun control and gun right is becoming more and more drastically. The people in United States start to think about this argument after few gun shootings in schools because they don’t want to see tragedy any more. The author presents his ideas very well in the article and his ideas seems have powerful persuasion for audience. Author’s ideas push people to think more about whether universities should allow banning the firearms. His rhetorical appeals of ethos have powerful historical references to persuade people and achieve his goal in the article which is banning the firearms in campus, and the author also provides some suggestions to stop the gun shootings in schools by advising people how to avoid dangerous people to get guns very easily in United States. Finally, the author’s rhetorical appeals of pathos grab people’s emotion by using powerful and strong words. This article is strongly presents author’s thought which is gun control is very necessary, because this can save many people’s life. Work Cited â€Å"Editorial: Concealed carry vs. colleges.† Editorial. USA TODAY 27 Sept. 2012. Print.

Evidence Collection Policy Essay Example for Free

Evidence Collection Policy Essay 1.What are the main concerns when collecting evidence? That you are thorough, collect everything, do it in the proper and official manner, and that you do not tamper with or alter anything. 2.What precautions are necessary to preserve evidence state? Usually what is done is all of the evidence is duplicated several times and any processes involved with the investigation are done with the duplicates to ensure that the actual evidence isn’t altered in any way. 3.How do you ensure evidence remains in its initial state? It is duplicated and then stored in climate controlled conditions. 4.What information and procedures are necessary to ensure evidence is admissible in court? Whoever conducts the investigation does so in a previously mandated, official, and legally recognized manner. Information Systems Security Incident Response Policy I. Title A. Name: Information Systems Security Incident Response Policy B. Number: : 20070103-secincidentresp C. Author(s): David Millar (ISC Information Security) and Lauren Steinfeld (Chief Privacy Officer) D. Status: Approved E. Date Proposed: 2005-10-24 F. Date Revised: G. Date Approved: 2007-01-03 H. Effective Date: 2007-01-16 II. Authority and Responsibility Information Systems and Computing is responsible for the operation of Penn’s data networks (PennNet) as well as the establishment of information security policies, guidelines, and standards. The Office of Audit, Compliance and  Privacy has authority to develop and oversee policies and procedures regarding the privacy of personal information. These offices therefore have the authority and responsibility to specify security incident response requirements to protect those networks as well as University data contained on those networks. III. Executive Summary This policy defines the response to computer security incidents. IV. Purpose This policy defines the steps that personnel must use to ensure that security incidents are identified, contained, investigated, and remedied. It also provides a process for documentation, appropriate reporting internally and externally, and communication so that organizational learning occurs. Finally, it establishes responsibility and accountability for all steps in the process of addressing computer security incidents. V. Risk of Non-compliance Without an effective incident response process, corrective action may be delayed and harmful effects unnecessarily exacerbated. Further, proper communication allows the University key learning opportunities to improve the security of data and networks. Individuals who fail to comply are subject to sanctions as appropriate under Penn policies. VI. Definitions Confidential University Data includes: * Sensitive Personally Identifiable Information–Information relating to an individual that reasonably identifies the individual and, if compromised, could cause significant harm to that individual or to Penn. Examples may include, but are not limited to: Social Security numbers, credit card numbers, bank account information, student grades or disciplinary information, salary or employee performance information, donations, patient health information, information Penn has promised to keep confidential, and account passwords or encryption keys used to protect access to Confidential University Data. * Proprietary Information–Data, information, or intellectual property in which the University has an exclusive legal interest or ownership right, which, if compromised could cause significant harm to Penn. Examples may include, but are not limited to, business planning, financial information, trade secret, copyrighted material, and  software or comparable material from a third party when the University has agreed to keep such information confidential. * Any other data the disclosure of which could cause significant harm to Penn or its constituents. Security Incident. There are two types of Security Incidents: Computer Security Incidents and Confidential Data Security Incidents. * A Computer Security Incident is any event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of University systems, applications, data, or networks. University systems include, but are not limited to: servers, desktops, laptops, workstations, PDAs, network servers/processors, or any other electronic data storage or transmission device. * A Confidential Data Security Incident is a subset of Computer Security Incidents that specifically threatens the security or privacy of Confidential University Data. User. A Penn user is any faculty, staff, consultant, contractor, student, or agent of any of the above. VII. Scope This policy applies to all Users. It applies to any computing devices owned or leased by the University of Pennsylvania that experience a Computer Security Incident. It also applies to any computing device regardless of ownership, which either is used to store Confidential University Data, or which, if lost, stolen, or compromised, and based on its privileged access, could lead to the unauthorized disclosure of Confidential University Data. Examples of systems in scope include, but are not limited to, a User’s personally owned home computer that is used to store Confidential University Data, or that contains passwords that would give access to Confidential University Data. This policy does not cover incidents involving the University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS) information systems, which has a separate incident response policy. ISC Information Security will coordinate with UPHS as appropriate when UPHS computing devices, data, or personnel are involved. VIII. Statement of Policy A. Overview of Penn’s Incident Response Program All Computer Security Incidents must be reported to ISC Information Security promptly. See Section B below. All Confidential Data Security Incidents must: a. Generate the creation of an Immediate Response Team, as designated by the  Information Security Officer (ISO), on a per incident basis. See Section C below. b. Follow appropriate Incident Handling procedures. See Sections C and D below. iii. ISC Information Security, under the direction of the Vice President for Information Systems and Computing (VP-ISC) is responsible for logging, investigating, and reporting on security incidents. See Sections D and E below. B. Identifying and Reporting Computer Security Incidents i. Users and Local Support Providers (LSPs). In the event that a User or an LSP detects a suspected or confirmed Computer Security Incident, the User must report it to his or her Local Security Officer or IT Director for issues including but not limited to viruses, worms, local attacks, denial of service attacks, or possible disclosure of Confidential University Data. ii. Local IT Management. Local IT Management must notify ISC Information Security of all Computer Security Incidents, except for categories of incidents that ISC Information Security may designate in Appendix I of this policy. iii. ISC Information Security. ISC Information Security shall notify appropriate systems administrators and other personnel of all emergency and attack incidents, as well as all suspicious activity incidents when it believes that an administrator’s system is at risk. The system’s administrators will then work with ISC Information Security to properly address the incident and minimize the risk of future occurrences. C. Immediate Response Team i. Purpose. The purpose of each Immediate Response Team is to supplement Penn’s information security infrastructure and minimize the threat of damage resulting from Computer Security Incidents. ii. Per Incident Basis. An Immediate Response Team shall be created for Confidential Data Security Incidents. iii. Membership. Membership on the Immediate Response Team shall be as designated by the ISO. In most cases, members shall include a representative from ISC Information Security and from the affected School or Center’s technical and management staff. iv. Responsibilities. Responsibilities of the Immediate Response Team are to assess the incident and follow incident handling procedures, appropriate to the incident as determined by the ISO. v. Confidentiality. Immediate Response Team members will share information about security incidents beyond the Immediate  Response Team only on a need-to-know basis, and only after consultation with all other team members. D. Incident Handling. For incidents requiring the formation of an Immediate Response Team, the following is a list of response priorities that should be reviewed and followed as recommended by the ISO. The most important items are listed first: i. Safety and Human Issues. If an information system involved in an incident affects human life and safety, responding to any incident involving any life-critical or safety-related system is the most important priority. ii. Address Urgent Concerns. Schools and Centers may have urgent concerns about the availability or integrity of critical systems or data that must be addressed promptly. ISC Information Security shall be available for consultation in such cases. iii. Establish Scope of Incident. The Immediate Response Team shall promptly work to establish the scope of the incident and to identify the extent of systems and data affected. If it appears that personally identifiable information may have been compromised, the Immediate Response Team shall immediately inform the VP-ISC and the Chief Privacy Officer (CPO). iv. Containment. Once life-critical and safety issues have been resolved, the Immediate Response Team shall identify and implement actions to be taken to reduce the potential for the spread of an incident or its consequences across additional systems and networks. Such steps may include requiring that the system be disconnected from the network. v. Develop Plan for Preservation of Evidence. The Immediate Response Team shall develop a plan promptly upon learning about an incident for identifying and implementing appropriate steps to preserve evidence, consistent with needs to restore availability. Preservation plans may include preserving relevant logs and screen captures. The affected system may not be rebuilt until the Immediate Response Team determines that appropriate evidence has been preserved. Preservation will be addressed as quickly as possible to restore availability that is critical to maintain business operations. vi. Investigate the Incident. The Immediate Response Team shall investigate the causes of the incident and future preventative actions. During the investigation phase, members of the incident response team will attempt to determine exactly what happened during the incident, especially the vulnerability that made the incident possible. In short, investigators will attempt to answer the following questions: Who? What? Where? When? How? vii. Incident-Specific Risk  Mitigation. The Immediate Response Team shall identify and recommend strategies to mitigate risk of harm arising from the incident, including but not limited to reducing, segregating, or better protecting personal, proprietary, or mission critical data. viii. Restore Availability. Once the above steps have been taken, and upon authorization by the Immediate Response Team, the availability of affected devices or networks may be restored. ix. Penn-Wide Learning. The Immediate Response Team shall develop and arrange for implementation of a communications plan to spread learning from the security incident throughout Penn to individuals best able to reduce risk of recurrence of such incident. E. Senior Response Team (SRT). If the ISO or CPO in their judgment believe that the incident reasonably may cause significant harm to the subjects of the data or to Penn, each may recommend to the VP-ISC or Associate Vice President for Audit, Compliance and Privacy (AVP-OACP) that a Senior Response Team be established. The Senior Response Team shall be comprised of senior-level officials as designated by the VP-ISC or AVP-OACP. The Senior Response Team shall: i. Establish whether additional executive management should be briefed and the plan for such briefing. ii. Determine, with final approval by the General Counsel, whether Penn shall make best efforts to notify individuals whose personal identifiable information may have been at risk. In making this determination, the following factors shall be considered: a. legal duty to notify b. length of compromise c. human involvement d. sensitivity of data e. existence of evidence that data was accessed and acquired f. concerns about personnel with access to the data g. existence of evidence that machine was compromised for reasons other than accessing and acquiring data h. additional factors recommended for consideration by members of the Immediate Response Team or the Senior Response Team. iii. Review and approve any external communication regarding the incident. F. Documentation i. Log of security incidents. ISC Information Security shall maintain a log  of all reportable security incidents recording the date, School or Center affected, whether or not the affected machine was registered as a critical host, the type of Confidential University Data affected (if any), number of subjects (if applicable), and a summary of the reason for the intrusion, and the corrective measure taken. ii. Critical Incident Report. ISC Information Security shall issue a Critical Incident Report for every reportable security incident affecting machines qualifying as Critical Hosts, or other priority incidents in the judgment of ISC Information Security describing in detail the circumstances that led to the incident, and a plan to eliminate the risk. iii. Annual Summary Report. ISC Information Security shall provide annually for the VP-ISC and AVP-OACP a report providing statistics and summary-level information about all significant incidents reported, and providing recommendation s and plans to mitigate known risks. IX. Best Practices A. Preserving Evidence: It is essential to consult Penn Information Security when handling Computer Security Incidents. However, if Information Security is not available for emergency consultation, the following practices are recommended: i. Generally, if it is necessary to copy computer data to preserve evidence for an incident, it is a good idea to use bit-wise file-system copy utilities that will produce an exact image, (e.g.UNIX dd) rather than to use file level utilities which can alter some file meta-data. ii. When making forensic backups, always take a cryptographic hash (such as an SHA-1 hash) of both the original object and of the copied object to verify the authenticity of the copy. Consult your System Administrator if you have questions. iii. Assigning members to an Immediate Response Team: In cases where an incident involves an investigation into misconduct, the School or Center should consider carefully whom to assign to the Immediate Response Team. For example, one may not wish to assign an IT professional who works closely with the individual(s) being investigated. X. Compliance A. Verification: ISC Information Security and the Office of Audit, Compliance and Privacy will verify any known computing security incidents as having been reported and documented as defined by this policy. B. Notification: Violations of this policy will be reported by ISC Security  and the Office of Audit, Compliance and Privacy to the Senior Management of the Business Unit affected. C. Remedy: The incident will be recorded by ISC Information Security and any required action to mitigate the harmful affects of the attack will be initiated in cooperation with the Business Unit Security Officer/Liaison. D. Financial Implications: The owner of the system shall bear the costs associated with ensuring compliance with this policy. E. Responsibility: Responsibility for compliance with this policy lies with the system administrator, system owner, and Business Unit’s Senior Manager. F. Time Frame: All incidents involving critical hosts systems and networks must be reported immediately. All other incidents should be reported within one business day of determining something has occurred. G. Enforcement: Compliance with this policy will be enforced by disconnecting any machines that may compromise the University network, or other machines with Confidential University Data. Workforce members not adhering to the policy may be subject to sanctions as defined by University policies. H. Appeals: Appeals are decided by the Vice President for Information Systems and Computing. XI. References 1. PennNet Computer Security Policy at www.net.isc.upenn.edu/policy/approved/20040524-hostsecurity.html 2. Critical PennNet Host Security Policy at www.net.isc.upenn.edu/policy/approved/20000530-hostsecurity.html 3. Policy on Computer Disconnection from PennNet at www.upenn.edu/computing/policy/disconnect.html 4. Adherence to University Policy at www.hr.upenn.edu/policy/policies/001.asp 5. Policy on Security of Electronic Protected Health Information (ePHI) at www.upenn.edu/computing/security/policy/ePHI_Policy.html Appendix I The following category of incidents need not be reported to Penn Information Security: * Unsuccessful network scans

Theories Of Deviant Behavior

Theories Of Deviant Behavior Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology. I intend to explain Freuds theory about the libido and how it changes its object, a process designed by the concept of sublimation. He argued that humans are born polymorphously perverse (AROPA, 2010), meaning that any number of objects could be a source of pleasure. Lawrence Kohlberg is known for writing The Six Stages of Moral Reasoning (Crain, 1985, pp. 118-136). These stages are planes of moral adequacy conceived to explain the development of moral reasoning and why these stages can lead to deviant behavior. I intend to scope all six stages and explain them in detail. In the end, from my explanation, one should be able to identify certain behaviors and where they stem from. Cesare Lombroso popularized the notion of the born criminal through biological determinism, claiming that criminals have particular physical attributes or deformities. If criminality was inherited, then the born criminal could be distinguished by physical atavistic stigmata. I intend to explain this theory in detail along with a few other concepts in order to properly broaden the topic so one can grasp its true meaning. Robert Mertons theory on deviance stems from his 1938 analysis of the relationship between culture, structure and anomie. Merton defines culture as an organized set of normative values governing behavior which is common to members of a designated society or group (Crain, 1985 pp 118-136). I intend to relate this theory to other theorists related to this field of study. I will define how one can become deviant through his/her surroundings. Each theorist has stated that deviance provides a way in which some individuals and groups can introduce their agendas to the rest of society, and elevate their own personal status while doing it (AROPA, 2010 pp 1-2). If that is the case then deviance is a violation of a norm; while crime is defined as a violation one specific type of norm, a law. By definition then, it would seem that society considers all crime to be deviant behavior. However, members of society may not consider a specific crime to be deviant at all. Sigmund Freud Stages of Development Freud advanced a theory of personality development that centered on the effects of the sexual pleasure drive on the individual psyche. At particular points in the developmental process, he claimed, a single body part is particularly sensitive to sexual, erotic stimulation (Stevenson, 1996 pp 2-3). These erogenous zones are the mouth, the anus, and the genital region. The childs libido centers on behavior affecting the primary erogenous zone of his age; he cannot focus on the primary erogenous zone of the next stage without resolving the developmental conflict of the immediate one. A child at a given stage of development has certain needs and demands, such as the need of an infant to nurse. Frustration occurs when these needs are not met; overindulgence stems from such a meeting of these needs that the child is reluctant to progress beyond the stage. Both frustration and overindulgence lock some amount of the childs libido permanently into the stage in which they occur; both result in a fixation (Stevenson, 1996 pp. 2-3). If a child progresses normally through the stages, resolving each conflict and moving on, then little libido remains invested in each stage of development. However, if he/she fixates at a particular stage, the method of obtaining satisfaction which characterized the stage will dominate and affect his/her adult personality. The Oral Stage The oral stage begins at birth, when the oral cavity is the primary focus of libidal energy. The infant preoccupies themselves with nursing, with the pleasure of sucking and accepting things into the mouth. The infant who is frustrated at this stage, because the mother refused to nurse him/her on demand or who ended nursing sessions early, is characterized by pessimism, envy, suspicion and sarcasm (Stevenson, 1996 pp 4-5). The overindulged oral character, whose nursing urges were always and often excessively satisfied, is optimistic, gullible, and is full of admiration for others around him/her (Stevenson, 1996 pp.4-5). The stage ends in the primary conflict of weaning, which both deprives the child of the sensory pleasures of nursing and of the psychological pleasure of being cared for and mothered. The stage lasts approximately one and one-half years. Anal Stage At one and one-half years, the child will enter the anal stage. The act of toilet training becomes the childs obsession with the erogenous zone of the anus and with the retention or expulsion of the feces. This represents a classic conflict between the id, which derives pleasure from expulsion of bodily wastes, and the ego and superego, which represent the practical and societal pressures to control the bodily functions (Stevenson, 1996 pp 5-6). The child will meet the conflict between the parents demands and the childs desires in one of two ways: Either he puts up a fight or he simply refuses to use expel the waste. The child who wants to fight takes pleasure in expelling maliciously, often just after being placed on the toilet. If the parents are too lenient and the child manages to derive pleasure and success from this expulsion, it will result in the formation of an anal expulsive character (Stevenson, 1996 pp 5-6). This character is generally messy, disorganized, reckless, carel ess, and defiant. However, a child may choose to retain feces, thereby disobeying his/her parents while enjoying the pleasurable pressure of the built-up feces on his/her intestine. If this tactic succeeds and the child is overindulged, he will develop into an anal retentive character (Stevenson, 1996 pp. 5-6). This character is neat, precise, orderly, careful, stingy, withholding, obstinate, meticulous, and passive-aggressive. This stage lasts from one and one-half to two years approximately. Phallic Stage From ages three to six, the setting for the greatest sexual conflict happens in the phallic stage. With the genital region becoming the weapon of choice, as the phallic stage matures, boys experience the Oedipus complex whereas girls experience the Electra complex. These complexes involve the inherent urge to remove our same-sexed parent so to possess our opposite-sexed parent (Psychosexual, 2010 pp 1) In boys, the father stands in the way of the increasingly sexual love for his mother. What controls this urge to eliminate the father is the fear that his father will remove their common appendage, the penis. The easiest way to resolve castration anxiety of the phallic stage is to imitate the father, which in the long-term acts as a voice of restraint in his adult life. The female counterparts in the phallic stage suffer from penis envy. The female child holds her mother accountable for not sharing the appendage that her brother wants to remove from their father. Unlike the male counte rparts, Freud remained unclear how the phallic stage is resolved. Fixation at the phallic stage develops a person who is reckless, resolute, self-assured, and narcissistic and is excessively vain and proud. The failure to resolve the conflict can also cause a person to be afraid or incapable of close love; Freud also hinted that fixation could be a root cause of homosexuality (Psychosexual, 2010 pp 1). Id, Ego, and Superego Freud saw the human personality as having three aspects, which work together to produce all of our complex behaviors. These are described as the t Id, the Ego and the Superego. All three components need to be well-balanced in order to have reasonable mental health. However, the Ego has a difficult time dealing with the competing demands of the Superego and the Id. According to the psychoanalytic view, this psychological conflict is an intrinsic and pervasive part of human experience (Wilderdom.com, 2008, pp. 1-2). The conflict between the Id and Superego, negotiated by the Ego, is one of the normal psychological battles all people face. The way in which a person characteristically resolves the instant gratification vs. longer-term reward dilemma reflects upon their character (Wilderdom.com, 2008, pp. 1-2). The id can be described as the functions of the irrational and emotional part of the mind. This part of psychology is very self-serving and uncaring towards others needs. This is very true of an infant since their only desire to be satisfied and served. In addition, this phase can be applied to childhood since children are also very self-serving and seek constant gratification. The Ego functions with the rational part of the mind. The Ego develops out of awareness that one cant always receive what they desire. The Ego operates in a world of reality. The Ego realizes the need for compromise and negotiates between the Id and the Superego. The Egos job is to get the Ids pleasures but to be reasonable and bear the long-term consequences in mind. (Wilderdom.com, 2008, pp. 1-2) The Ego denies gratification but the ego must cope with this conflicting force. To undertake its work of planning, thinking and controlling the Id, the Ego uses some of the Ids libidinal energy (Wilderdom.com, 2008, pp. 1-2). Typically, adults fit into this category since maturity also aides in recognizing reality and compromising. However, if the ego is too strong one can become well-organized and rational but extremely boring and cold. The Superego is the last part of the mind to develop. It is often called the moral part of the mind (Wilderdom.com, 2008, pp. 1-2). The Superego becomes a structure of parental and societal values by storing and enforcing rules. It constantly strives for perfection and its power to enforce rules comes from its ability to create mental anxiety. The Superego has two subsystems: Ego Ideal and Conscience. The Ego Ideal provides rules for good behavior, and standards of excellence towards which the Ego must strive. (Wilderdom.com, 2008, pp. 1-2). The Ego ideal is basically what the childs parents approve of or value. So, a parents proper guidance is greatly needed for one to possess these values. Therefore, these values will serve as their conscience throughout life. However, if ones superego is not balanced may feel guilty most of the time and feel the need to be perfect beyond reality.

Chasing Zero Essay -- Health, Preventable Medical Error

Chasing Zero is a documentary which was meant to both educate the viewer on the prevalence of medical harm as well as to enlighten both the public and health care providers on the preventability of these events (Discovery, 2010). The documentary expounded on the fact each year more people die each year from a preventable medical error than die due to breast cancer, motor vehicle accidents or AIDS (Institute of Medicine, 1999). Medical harm can result from adverse drug events, surgical injuries, wrong-site surgery, suicides, restraint-related injuries, falls, burns, pressure ulcers and mistaken patient identities (Institute of Medicine, 1999). Incidences of medical error have been reported in the media for many years. The most startling revelation in the documentary is how common medical errors are and how preventable they are. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) reported in 1999 that between 44,000 and 98,000 people die each year in the United States due to a preventable medical error. A report written by the National Quality Forum (NQF) found that over a decade after the IOM report the prevalence of medical errors remains very high (2010). In fact a study done by the Hearst Corporation found that the number of deaths due to medical error and post surgical infections has increased since the IOM first highlighted the problem and recommended actions to reduce the number of events (Dyess, 2009). The premise of â€Å"Chasing Zero† is to reduce the number of deaths due to healthcare harm to zero. Leading authorities on healthcare quality, such as Charles Denham, believe that all of these deaths are preventable and can be eliminated (Discovery, 2010). Dr. Denham along with the Texas Medical Institute of Technology (TMIT) are dedicat... ...vers, clinical and non-clinical leaders of hospitals and international subject matter experts. The Texas Medical Institute of Technology, through programs such as Chasing Zero, is bringing a public voice to the issue of healthcare harm. The documentary is a stirring example of the quality issues facing the healthcare system. In 2003, the NQF first introduced the 30 Safe Practices for Better Healthcare, which it hoped all hospitals would adopt (National Quality Forum, 2010). Today the list has grown to 34, yet the number of preventable healthcare harm events continues to rise. The lack of standardization and mandates which require the reporting of events contributes to the absence of meaningful improvement. Perhaps through initiatives such as those developed by TMIT and the vivid and arresting patient stories such as Chasing Zero, change will soon be at hand.

Symbolic Healing in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay -- Toni Morrison Bel

Symbolic Healing in Beloved  Ã‚     Toni Morrison’s powerful novel Beloved is based on the aftermath of slavery and the horrific burden of slavery’s hidden sins.   Morrison chooses to depict the characters that were brutalized in the life of slavery as strong-willed and capable of overcoming such trauma.   This is made possible through the healing of many significant characters, especially Sethe.   Sethe is relieved of her painful agony of escaping Sweet Home as well as dealing with pregnancy with the help of young Amy Denver and Baby Suggs.   Paul D’s contributions to the symbolic healing take place in the attempt to help her erase the past.   Denver plays the most significant role in Sethe’s healing in that she brings the community’s support to her mother and claims her own individuality in the process.   Putting her trust in other people is the only way Sethe is able to relieve herself of her haunted past and suffering body.   Morrison demonstrates that to overcom e the scars of slavery, one must place themselves in the hands of those that love them, rather than face the painful memories alone.   It is not surprising to see that Sethe named her second born daughter after the young girl that saved both of their lives.   Amy Denver, a white servant girl fleeing toward Boston, gave encouragement and first aid relief to Sethe’s swollen feet and helped her crawl to safety.   As Sethe lay dying on the uncomfortable ground, Amy approached her.   â€Å"She [Amy] gathered rocks, covered them with more leaves and made Sethe put her feet on them†¦then she did the magic: lifted Sethe’s feet and legs and massaged them until she cried salt tears† (Morrison, 35).   Amy is free of the thriving need to abuse slaves, and this ignorance proves beneficial.   U... ...port Sethe, and in return, Sethe chooses to accept their healing attempts and walks away from Beloved.   Slavery is and will always be within Sethe.   She was born a slave and raised a slave.   Crossing a river to freedom doesn’t change the torturous bonds of slavery.   The emotional barriers slavery places on people leave different effects but one thing remains common: the feeling of no self-worth.   Not all people are as lucky as Sethe to have people in their lives that help to overcome such obstacles.   With the help of Amy, Denver, Baby Suggs, Paul D, and others along her journey, Sethe is able to overcome the impossible and move on from her past with a life of love and acceptance. Works Cited Furman, Jan. Toni Morrison's Fiction. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1996. Morrison, Toni. Beloved. New York, Penguin Books USA Inc, 1998.

Little Fugue and Morning Song by Sylvia Plath Essay -- Sylvia Plath Po

A relationship is an emotional connection to someone involving an interaction between two or more people. There are many types of relationships, some functional and others far from being workable. I will demonstrate this through my texts of; Little Fugue, and Morning Song both poems written by Sylvia Plath; the movie, Love Actually; and the book, Trickster’s Choice by Tamora Pierce. Little Fugue by Sylvia Plath is my first example of how we all perceive our different relationships. This poem is about Plath talking of her father and herself and the lack of communication between the two. Throughout the poem, Plath contradicts herself, saying, ‘I was seven, I knew nothing’ yet she constantly talks of the past, remembering. Her tone is very dark and imposing, she uses many images of blindness, deafness and a severe lack of communication, ‘So the deaf and dumb/signal the blind, and are ignored’. Her use of enjambment shows her feelings and pain in some places, in other places it covers up her emotional state. She talks of her father being a German, a Nazi. Whilst her father may have originated from Germany, he was in no way a Nazi, or a fascist. He was a simple man who made sausages. ‘Lopping the sausages!’ However she used this against her father, who died when she was but eight, saying that she still had night mares, ‘They color1 my sleep,’ she also brings her father’s supposed Nazism up again, ‘Red, mottled, like cut necks./There was a silence!’. Plath also talks of her father being somewhat of a general in the militia, ‘A yew hedge of orders,’ also with this image she brings back her supposed vulnerability as a child, talking as if her father was going to send her away, ‘I am guilty of nothing.’ For all her claims of being vul... ...r child being an alien, she still stumbles from bed ‘cow heavy’ at a single cry from the child. Morning Song is literally the cry of a baby, as it calls for it’s mother. The relationship between mother and child is strong although Plath seems to view her child as something totally unchildlike. She doesn’t seem to be able to connect with her child in any way. I have learned that relationships are diverse and can change from one moment to the next. I have learned that not all people share the same views as I do when it comes to the people I hold dear. The world around me is a very different place to my perceived ideals. Relationships are like diamonds, with many sides and facets. It can be perfect and clear, or cloudy and distorted. It is life. 1American spelling used as it is a direct quote 2Corus is the capital city of Aly’s home country, Tortall

Crucible Projects Essay

Select one of the following to complete independently or with a partner: People Magazine’s Love Triangle of  the Year Produce a magazine article in which you try to piece together the story of this love triangle from the various characters’ points of view. Your article should include comments by John Proctor, Elizabeth Proctor, and Abigail Williams. The main goal here is to understand the effect their actions had on each of the others. Be sure to bring out the major events of the story in some way. Your finished product should look like a magazine article and include various pictures or whatever your creative minds can come up with! Look at some People Magazine articles for ideas. The Crucible: An Alphabet Book For your final project, you will create an alphabet book using one letter of the alphabet per page. It may be rhyming or nonrhyming. Give your book a cover and illustrate it. As this will be your final grade, I am particularly interested in seeing that you have an understanding of the major events and themes of the novel as well as relationships between the characters. (EXAMPLE: A is for adultery. M is for McCarthyism.) The Crucible Greeting Cards Design five greeting cards that you think John Proctor, Elizabeth Proctor, Reverend Parris, and Abigail Williams would have sent to each other for a holiday. You choose the holiday/occasion and design the five cards, one from each of these characters. Include a picture and a quote or poem that they would have written in each card. They can be funny or serious. Be creative and make the cards look nice! I am particularly interested in seeing that you have an understanding of the major ideas and the relationships between the characters. Include an explanation with each card. The Crucible Soundtrack Create a soundtrack for the novel, choosing or composing five songs (ONE can be an instrumental). The songs must represent the main themes, moods, relationships, or events in the story in some way. Create a CD insert with appropriate artwork, artist information, dedications, and a booklet that includes lyrics and a paragraph for each song explaining how and why each relates to the book. You may burn the songs onto a CD if you’d like, but it is not required. The Crucible Diary Create a journal/diary for one of the three main characters. In that character’s voice (first person),you will create at least 10 one page, typed and dated entries based on what’s happening at the time. This will allow you to comment on the major events of the plot. You MUST comment on the following: The first appearance of the character in the story Any meeting that your character has with another of the characters Any important event that occurs in the story Any physical/psychological changes in the character Where the character leaves the story The story covers years in the character’s life so you will observe changes in the character’s acceptance in the community, the physical and/or mental condition of your character, and his/her relationship with the other characters. The main characters who will appear in your journal will be John Proctor, Elizabeth Proctor, Abigail Williams, Reverend Hale, and/or Reverend Parris. You may choose any of these as your â€Å"journal writer†, but all of them will appear in your journal. The Crucible Times Develop a front page from a Salem newspaper during the time/setting of this story. Your front page will be full of the story of Abigail and Company, the scandal, and/or the aftermath. The goal is to show me that you have an understanding of the plot and characters in the play. Your front page should include several of the following: 1. A banner headline 2. At least one picture with a caption 3. The lead story (at least 300 words) 4. Related side bar stories 5. Horoscope 6. Title of newspaper 7. At least one advertisement that is play related 8. Advice column 9. Gossip column 10. Classifieds

Where Women Lead The Show †Renoir’s Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando, 1879

Pierre-Auguste Renoirs Acrobats At The corrie Fernando, 1879 shows twain new-fangled daughters, most in all interchangeablelihood between twelve and fifteen old age of age, taking turns to perform their act at the circus. One of the young daughters is carrying balls around her actors assistant fleck the other is communication with the sense of hearing as part of her act. The girl who is communicating with the interview has a questioning, innocent facial gesture on her breast. The one who is carrying balls is possibly time lag for her turn to perform.She, too, is innocent and fresh in appearance as the other. However, she seems to be base on her new experiences of semi-adulthood. Perhaps she is mull over on the boys in her life the young hands who admire her very much. The audience visualised in the painting, behind the bodies of the two young girls, appears to consist of men solo after all. The men appear like judges, in their black coats, giving them the head game of uniformed officers.Only one of the men has his face visible through the painting, and the face is hard enough for the girls to display their honor in all its glory with the assumption that the counterpart of a harsh and enigmatic view must be softness. Although the girl carrying the balls has her back turned toward the hard face up patch, she knows that she too would live to perform. The expressions of the male and the females in Renoirs Acrobats At The cirque Fernando, 1879 be rather similar to the expressions of the two sexes portrayed in many of the artists works of the time.The cleaning lady is seen as the adored and innocent object that performs, even though the man is hard faced, perhaps dull of the work that he performs to fend for his family twenty-four hours after day. The adult female is the amuser, the muse, and the object of cheer to fend for. After all, she is bonnie. The only beautiful facet of the man is that he is self-colored in Renoirs pa intings, at least. What is more, the man is always staring at the woman in Renoirs works. He fondles her whenever he has the chance.The woman remains faithful to him this is depicted through the innocence on her face. If she becomes traitorous she knows that the hard faced man would withdraw from supporting her. The French word for thank you is merci, which, if used in English, perfectly describes the attitude of the woman in upstart 19th century Paris. Although Paris was one of the basic places in the west where women were generally believed to shake been liberated, Renoirs painting reveals that the women were definitely not liberated through promiscuity or debauchery.Rather, the urban Parisian women in the late nineteenth century seem to bewilder been given permission by their men to be out and about, entertaining them, while remaining faithful to their innocence as well as their marital vows. As the facial expression of the young girl carrying the balls in Renoirs Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando, 1879 reveals women understood their position in Parisian society even as they were aw are(p) that men and women are equally mutually beneficial on each other.Perhaps they also knew that men could turn violent against the woman the epitome of mercy and that their partners may very well become harsh and brutal if they were not obeyed according to divine laws that are believed to demand that they become subservient unto men. Although these beliefs fall out to be nurtured in many part of the world, Renoirs Acrobats At The Cirque Fernando, 1879 is a reminder that divine laws may have been misconstrued as well

Company Law Question Solution Essay

call into questionRamrajee Baboo is a young attorney with a Masters Degree in incorporate Law, specialising in bear financing documentation. Ramrajee has been appointed to the advance of UDECOTT as it moves forward in a late program based on project financing for its new proposed constructions. UDECOTT is a state enterprise and Ramrajee is paying(a) a stipend of $3,000.00 per month. UDECOTT had previously engaged the go of a global commercial righteousness practitioner, Buji Bamee, to go out legal advice at a cost of $50,000.00 per month. unfamiliar to Ramrajee, the Chairman of the Board in an versed contact with the Chief Executive Officer of UDECOTT agreed to throw out the contract of the consultant and pack Ramrajee vet the project financing documents in her capacity as a handler.Ramrajee was never informed of this decision. Two weeks prior to a board meeting, Ramrajee received board papers including accredited project financing contracts for discussion at the ad jacent board meeting (scheduled to take place twain weeks later). Ramrajee perused the papers cursorily and made genuine abbreviated notes. At the board meeting the documents were discussed and Ramrajee made certain general observations. The agreements were subsequently executed.It later transpired that the documents were not decently vetted and UDECOTT suffered a 10 million dollar prejudice. The agreements were not examined by any attorney other than Ramrajee. The judicature minister responsible for UDECOTT is quite annoyed and would cargon someone to be held liable. The Chairman said he relied on Ramrajee to vet the documents but Ramrajee has stated that her traffic is that of a general review and would have necessitate detailed legal analysis beyond what is contemplated by her role as a director to release the deficiencies in the documents that occurred. Advise the Minister as to the subscribe of Ramrajee.ANSWERISSUE Did Ramrajee exercise the aim of adroitness requir ed of her as director?LAW Directors demeanor in office is governed by statutory and third estate law. Directors hold a fiduciary responsibility to the political party for which they work which requires them to properly manage the assets of the company inwardly the powers conferred on them.Under statute, according to region 60(b) of the Companies execution of Trinidad and Tobago, a director shall direct the management of the crease and the affairs of the company. In effecting this management, he essential do so in accordance with persona 99(1) of the said achievement which states that a director and ships officer of a company shall in exercising his powers and discharging his duties a) Act honestly and in good faith with a view to the outflank intimacy of the company and b) instance the care, exertion and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. These are all to be done in the best interest of the company. Where directors act in accordance with section 99, they may be indemnified against any liabilities incurred as a result of holding such a determine pursuant to section 101.Under leafy vegetable law, the director owes a fiduciary craft to the company, as lay down in Pardy v Dobbin NFCA 11 (CanII), which exacts from directors a strict ethic to act honestly and in good faith in the corporations best interest.ANALYSIS As a director of the board, Ramrajee owed a very specific duty of care towards the company. In particular, she was expected to exercise diligence and a level of skill that reflected her qualifications, as embed in section 99(1)(b). While Ramrajee was unaware of the informal decision to terminate the consultant who was hired to work out general commercial law activities, the mere feature that Ramrajee was a member of the Board and had specialized skills in project financing documentation means that it would be expected that she use these skills. Moreover, the highly-paid consultant was a general practitioner and did not have this specialized skill.In addition, she was given two weeks to review the documents during which time she could have scrutinized them, but she did not. Her duties under statutory and common law required her to review the documents carefully. She did not exercise the level of care and skill required by her fiduciary position which was not in the best interest of the Company. As she breached section 99 of the Companies Act, as head as her common law fiduciary duties, she should be held liable and will not be indemnified by the company under section 101 for the loss sustained.RECOMMENDATION Minister, she is in breach of her statutory and common law duties and should be held liable.

Men and Women in Business Society Essay

It is state that in forthwith we cognize in a new-made and maturation valet de chambre where heap concur unfathomable opportunities for develop universepowert.Widely back up narration is the ace which says that the man-to-man mastery richly depends on the almostbody abilities and skills.Although it is true, console thither be nigh prejudices which forge on us and our choice.In our to a greater extent bounteous community(compargond to the past) engage custodyt is un playable provided unfortunatelly it let off exists. much(prenominal) in particular we entrust present watchfulness to wiz popular dogma in the cranial orbit of traffic fit in to which hands argon founder leading than wo workforce.Where does this aver workforcet set ab forbidden from?What ar the differences among pedigreemen and trafficwomen?We result comparing men and women in the moving in orderliness and we volition feat to adventure out the truth. It is non a occult that men and women turn over some epoch-making misunderstandings in their port of thought and character.As it is said-Men be from deflower and Women from Venus. except lets organize a close set(predicate) find out at what simply battle array the surveys and statistics.According to them in strain situations men atomic number 18 much than cold opus women argon subordinated to emotions.Women be more equivocal and favour to do the things on their own, opus men would quite give the trade union movement to mortal else.That is why because remote women,men relish leisurely self-aggrandizing orders to a nonher(prenominal) people.Men opt victimisation opposition to cooperation,in the inappropriate women elect cooperation to emulation because women unfeignedly measure their affable contacts on their works place.In operose fleck men coincide that restriction as problem-solution part women-situation-reaction.For men pickings hazards is a caput of profits.They look themselves-What exit I get through fetching this find?For women victorious risks is a dubiousness of give oneself up or What is the price of this risk?, What volition I go for to give over taking it?Women accept winner as ingenious concord of muckle while men in discipline of supremacy manage moral excellence to themselves. From only mentioned above we get by to a finishing that women ar more ablaze and they render more prudence to their feelings-Business as a plot of ground of interests does non reserve much(prenominal) behavior.That is why the aesthesia of women and their mastery to reproach argon perceive as disadvantage. In transgressfulness of only statistics and statements of psychologists my personal belief is that we do not soak up to stick a difference in the midst of a man and a woman. In spite of each(prenominal) accompaniment the thesis that men are unwrap business leading we-women get by that the beat out way, in which men burn go after to the women, is to extend them to belive that they are the leaders.So stick out men are emend business leaders or we women let them(in purpose) swear so is still a psyche with no answer.